Taboo 1

Kuyeza kuthamanga kwa madzi kuyenera kuchitidwa m'nyengo yozizira nthawi yomanga yozizira.
Zotsatira zake: Chitolirocho chinazizira ndikuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuzizira kofulumira kwa chitoliro cha hydrostatic.
Njira: Yesani kuyesa kuthamanga kwamadzi musanagwiritse ntchito m'nyengo yozizira ndikutseka madzi mukatha kuyezetsa, makamaka madzi omwe ali muvalavu, yomwe imayenera kutsukidwa kuti isachite dzimbiri kapena, choipitsitsa, kung'ambika. Poyesa ma hydraulic m'nyengo yozizira, ntchitoyi iyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwamkati mkati ndikutulutsa madzi pambuyo poyesa kukakamiza.

Tabu 2

Dongosolo la mapaipi liyenera kuwongoleredwa, koma iyi si nkhani yayikulu chifukwa mayendedwe ndi liwiro silimakwaniritsa miyezo. Ngakhale kuwotcha kumasinthidwa ndi kukhetsedwa kwa kuyesa mphamvu ya hydraulic. Zotsatira zake: Chifukwa cha ubwino wa madziwo sagwirizana ndi mmene mapaipi amagwirira ntchito, zigawo za mapaipi nthawi zambiri zimachepetsedwa kukula kapena kutsekeka. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ochulukirapo omwe amatha kuyenda kudzera m'dongosolo kapena osachepera 3 m / s akuyenda kwamadzi pakutsuka. Kuti kutuluka kwamadzi kuganizidwe, mtundu wa madzi ndi kumveka bwino ziyenera kufanana ndi madzi olowera.

Tabu 3

Popanda kuyesa madzi otsekedwa, zimbudzi, madzi amvula, ndi mapaipi a condensate amabisika. Zotsatira zake: Zitha kubweretsa kutayikira kwamadzi komanso kutayika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Miyezo: Kuyesa kwa madzi otsekedwa kumafunika kuunika ndikuvomerezedwa motsatira malangizowo. Ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti zonse zapansi panthaka, mkati mwa denga, pakati pa mipope, ndi zoikamo zina zobisika—kuphatikizapo zonyamula zimbudzi, madzi amvula, ndi ma condensate—ndizosunga kutayikira.

Taboo 4

Kuthamanga kokha ndi kusinthasintha kwa madzi kumawonedwa panthawi ya kuyesa mphamvu ya hydraulic ndi kuyesa kulimba kwa chitoliro; kuyendera kutayikira sikukwanira. Kutayikira komwe kumachitika pakagwiritsidwa ntchito mapaipi kumasokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Miyezo: Pamene dongosolo la mapaipi liyesedwa motsatira ndondomeko ya mapangidwe ndi ndondomeko yomangamanga, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsimikizira bwino ngati pali kutayikira kulikonse kuwonjezera pa kujambula mtengo wa kuthamanga kapena kusintha kwa madzi mkati mwa nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa.
Taboo 5

Wamba ma valve flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndivalavu butterfly. Kukula kwavalavu ya butterflyflange imasiyana ndi yamtundu wa valve flange chifukwa chake. Ma flanges ena amakhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono mkati pomwe disc ya butterfly valve ili ndi yayikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu isagwire bwino ntchito kapena kutseguka mwamphamvu ndikuwononga. Miyezo: Gwirani flange molingana ndi kukula kwenikweni kwa valavu ya gulugufe.

Taboo 6

Pamene nyumbayo inkamangidwa, palibe zigawo zomangika zomwe zinasungidwa, kapena magawo ophatikizidwa sanasankhidwe ndipo mabowo osungidwa anali ochepa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake: Kumanga nyumbayo kapenanso kudula zitsulo zolimba zidzakhudza chitetezo cha nyumbayo panthawi yokhazikitsa ntchito zotenthetsera ndi zimbudzi. Miyezo: Phunzirani mapulani omanga a ntchito yotenthetsera ndi ukhondo, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pantchito yomanga nyumbayo posunga mabowo ndi zida zophatikizika ngati kuli kofunikira pakuyika mapaipi, zothandizira, ndi zopachika. Chonde tchulani mwatsatanetsatane za zomangamanga ndi kapangidwe kake.

Tabu 7

Pamene chitoliro ndi welded, mayikidwe ali kutali-pakati, palibe mpata wotsalira pa mayikidwe, poyambira si fosholo kwa chitoliro wandiweyani-mipanda, ndi m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld sizigwirizana ndi zomangamanga. Zotsatira zake: Chifukwa chitoliro sichinakhazikike, njira yowotcherera idzakhala yocheperapo ndipo idzawoneka ngati akatswiri. Pamene m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira, palibe kusiyana pakati pa oyanjana nawo, chitoliro cholimba-mipanda sichimawombera poyambira, ndipo kuwotcherera sikungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamphamvu.
Miyezo: Gwirani mapaipi amipanda yokhuthala, siyani mipata pa mfundozo, ndipo konzani mapaipiwo kuti akhale pamzere wapakati pomwe mfundozo zidawotchedwa. Kuonjezera apo, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa weld seam ayenera kuwotcherera motsatira ndondomeko.

Tabu 8

Mapaipi amakwiriridwa mwachindunji pamwamba pa permafrost ndi dothi lotayirira losakonzedwa, ndipo ngakhale njerwa zowuma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zibowo zothandizira mapaipi amakhalanso molakwika komanso zoyikidwa bwino. Zotsatira zake: Chifukwa cha kuthandizira kosasunthika, payipiyo idavulazidwa panthawi ya kukanikizidwa kwa dothi la backfill, zomwe zidapangitsa kukonzanso ndikukonzanso. Miyezo: Dothi lotayirira losasamalidwa bwino ndi nthaka yowundana simalo oyenera kukwirira mapaipi. Kutalikirana pakati pa matako kuyenera kutsata malangizo omanga. Kuti ukhale wokwanira komanso wosasunthika, matope a simenti ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zomangira njerwa.

Tabu 9

Thandizo la chitoliro limakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mabawuti okulitsa, koma zinthu za mabawuti ndizochepa, mabowo ake ndi akulu kwambiri, kapena amayikidwa pamakoma a njerwa kapena makoma opepuka. Zotsatira zake: Chitolirocho chimasokonekera kapena kugwa, ndipo chithandizo cha chitoliro chimakhala chochepa. Maboti okulitsa ayenera kusankha zinthu zodalirika, ndipo zitsanzo zingafunikire kufufuzidwa kuti ziwonedwe. Bowo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika mabawuti okulira sikuyenera kukhala lalikulu 2 mm kuposa kukula kwa mabawuti okulitsa. Pa nyumba za konkriti, mabawuti okulitsa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Taboo 10

Maboti olumikizira ndiafupi kwambiri kapena ali ndi mainchesi pang'ono, ndipo ma flanges ndi ma gaskets omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mapaipi ndi osalimba mokwanira. Pakuwotcha mapaipi, mapaipi a mphira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mapaipi amadzi ozizira, mapaipi awiri osanjikiza kapena zopendekera, ndi mapaipi a flange amatuluka mupaipi. Zotsatira: Kutayikira kumachitika chifukwa cholumikizana ndi flange kumasuka kapena kuwonongeka. Flange gasket imatuluka mu chitoliro, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda movutikira. Miyezo: Kupendekeka kwa mapaipi ndi ma gaskets ayenera kutsata momwe mapaipi amagwirira ntchito. Kwa ma gaskets a flange pakuwotcha ndi mapaipi operekera madzi otentha, ma gaskets a mphira a asbestos ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; Kwa ma gaskets a flange pamadzi ndi mapaipi a ngalande, ma gaskets a rabara ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe gawo la gasket la flange lomwe lingapitirire mu chitoliro, ndipo bwalo lake lakunja liyenera kukhudza dzenje la bolt la flange. Pakati pa flange sikuyenera kukhala ndi mapepala a bevel kapena mapepala angapo. Bawuti yolumikiza flange iyenera kukhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 2 mm kukula kuposa dzenje la flange, ndipo kutalika kwa nati wotuluka pa ndodo ya bawuti kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi theka la makulidwe a mtedza.