Chinyengo 11

Vavulovuyo sinakhazikitsidwe bwino. Mwachitsanzo, vavulovu yozungulira kapenama valve owunikiraNjira yoyendera madzi (kapena nthunzi) ndi yosiyana ndi chizindikiro, ndipo tsinde la valavu limayikidwa pansi. Vavu yofufuzira imayikidwa moyimirira osati mopingasa. Kutali ndi chitseko chowunikira, chonde.

Zotsatira zake: Valavu imalephera kugwira ntchito, chosinthira chimakhala chovuta kukonza, ndipo tsinde la vavu nthawi zambiri limayang'ana pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi atuluke.
Njira: Tsatirani malangizo oyika valavu mpaka kumapeto. Siyani kutalika kokwanira kwa malo otsegulira kuti tsinde la tsinde lizitambasulidwa.mavavu a chipatandi matsinde okwera. Ganizirani bwino malo ozungulira chogwiriracho pogwiritsa ntchito mavavu a gulugufe. Matsinde a mavavu osiyanasiyana sayenera kuyikidwa pansi kuposa mopingasa kapena pansi. Kuwonjezera pa kukhala ndi chitseko chowunikira chomwe chingathe kutsegulira ndi kutseka mavavu, mavavu obisika ayeneranso kukhala ndi tsinde la valavu moyang'anizana ndi chitseko chowunikira.

Chinyengo 12

Ma valve oikidwa'Ma model ndi ma specifications satsatira miyezo ya kapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro choyatsira moto chimagwiritsa ntchito valavu ya gulugufe pamene m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro ndi wochepera kapena wofanana ndi 50mm, ndipo chitoliro chouma ndi choyimirira cha kutentha kwa madzi otentha chimagwiritsa ntchito valavu yoyimitsa pamene kupanikizika kwapadera kwa valavu kuli kochepera kuposa kupsinjika kwa mayeso a dongosolo.

Zotsatira zake: kusintha momwe valavu imatsegukira ndi kutsekera nthawi zambiri, komanso momwe kukana, kupanikizika, ndi ntchito zina zimasinthidwira. Choyipa kwambiri, chinapangitsa kuti valavu isweke ndipo imafunika kukonzedwa pamene makinawo anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Miyeso: Dziwani kuchuluka kwa ma valve osiyanasiyana, ndipo sankhani ma specs ndi chitsanzo cha valve kutengera zosowa za kapangidwe kake. Kupanikizika kwa valve kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kuthamanga kwa makina. Malinga ndi muyezo wa nyumbayo, valavu yoyimitsa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro cha madzi ndi wochepera kapena wofanana ndi 50mm; ngati ili yokwera kuposa 50mm, valavu ya chipata iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma valve a gulugufe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi opopera moto, ndipo ma valve a chipata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pama valve owongolera kutentha ndi owuma ndi oyima.

Chinyengo 13

Valvu isanakhazikitsidwe, kuwunika khalidwe kofunikira sikumachitika motsatira malamulo.

Zotsatira zake: Kutuluka kwa madzi (kapena nthunzi) kumachitika panthawi yogwira ntchito ya dongosolo chifukwa chosinthira ma valavu chimakhala chosinthasintha ndipo kutsekako sikokhwima, zomwe zimafuna kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso komanso zimakhudzanso madzi (kapena nthunzi) wamba.

Miyeso: Kuyesa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa valavu kuyenera kumalizidwa musanayike valavu. 10% ya gulu lililonse (mtundu womwewo, mawonekedwe omwewo, mtundu womwewo) ziyenera kusankhidwa mwachisawawa kuti ziyesedwe, koma osachepera chimodzi. Mayeso a mphamvu ndi kulimba ayenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa valavu iliyonse yotsekedwa yomwe imayikidwa pa chitoliro chachikulu kuti idulidwe. "Malamulo a Kuvomereza Ubwino wa Ntchito Yomanga Madzi, Kutulutsa Madzi ndi Uinjiniya Wotenthetsera" (GB 50242-2002) ayenera kutsatiridwa kuti ayese mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa valavu.

Chinyengo 14

Zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumbayi, makina, ndi zinthu zina, zilibe satifiketi yovomerezeka ya malonda kapena zikalata zowunikira khalidwe laukadaulo zomwe boma kapena unduna umafuna kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zomwe zilipo.

Zotsatira zake: Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa pulojekitiyi, ngozi zobisika za ngozi, kulephera kumalizidwa pa nthawi yake, komanso kufunika kokonzanso zonse zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yayitali komanso kuti anthu ambiri azigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina.

Miyeso: Zinthu zazikulu, zipangizo, ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi, ngalande, kutentha, ndi ukhondo ziyenera kukhala ndi zikalata zowunikira khalidwe la zinthu kapena ziphaso zoyenerera zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi boma kapena unduna zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yomwe ilipo; mayina a zinthu zawo, mitundu, zofunikira, ndi miyezo ya khalidwe la dziko ziyenera kulembedwa. Dzina la khodi, tsiku lopangira, dzina la wopanga ndi malo, satifiketi yowunikira, kapena dzina la khodi la chinthu chomwe chinali cha fakitale.

Chinyengo 15

Kutembenuza Valavu

Zotsatira: Kulunjika kwa ma valve ambiri ndi chizindikiro cha ma valve ambiri, kuphatikizapo ma valve owunikira, ma valve opopera, ma valve ochepetsa kuthamanga, ndi ma valve oimitsa. Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi moyo wa valavu yopopera zidzakhudzidwa ngati zitayikidwa mozondoka; zitha kupha.

Miyeso: Pali chizindikiro cholozera pa thupi la valavu ya mavavu wamba; ngati palibe chizindikiro cholozera, valavu iyenera kuzindikirika bwino kutengera momwe imagwirira ntchito. Madziwo ayenera kuyenda kudzera mu doko la valavu kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba kuti potseguka pake pasachepe ntchito (chifukwa kupanikizika kwapakati kumakwera) ndipo cholumikiziracho sichikanikiza cholongedzacho mutatseka, zomwe ndizosavuta kukonza. Mphepete mwa valavu ya valavu yoyimitsa ndi yosagwirizana kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja. Vavu yozungulira siyingatembenuzidwe chifukwa cha izi.

Kuyika valavu ya chipata mozondoka, ndi gudumu lamanja pansi, kudzapangitsa kuti cholumikiziracho chikhalebe m'dera la bonnet kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe sizingawononge dzimbiri la tsinde la valavu komanso malamulo a njira zina. Kusintha kulongedza nthawi yomweyo n'kovuta kwambiri. Tsinde la valavu lowonekera lidzawonongeka chifukwa cha chinyezi ngati valavu ya chipata chokwera chayikidwa pansi pa nthaka. Onetsetsani kuti diskiyo ili yoyima poyika valavu yoyezera kukweza kuti ikwezedwe mosavuta. Onetsetsani kuti shaft ya pin ndi yopingasa poyika valavu yoyezera kugwedezeka kuti itsegule momasuka. Pa payipi yopingasa, valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika iyenera kuyikidwa molunjika; siyenera kupendekeka mwanjira iliyonse.

Chinyengo 16

Kutsegula ndi kutseka ma valve pamanja, mphamvu yochulukirapo

Zotsatira zake: kuyambira kuwonongeka kwa valavu mpaka zochitika zoopsa

Miyeso: Mphamvu ya malo otsekera ndi mphamvu yofunikira yotsekera zimaganiziridwa popanga valavu yamanja, komanso gudumu lake lamanja kapena chogwirira, cha ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake, sichingasunthidwe ndi wrench yayitali kapena lever. Anthu ena azolowera kugwiritsa ntchito wrench, ndipo ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti asagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri chifukwa kuchita izi kungawononge mosavuta malo otsekera kapena kupangitsa wrench kuswa gudumu lamanja ndi chogwirira. Mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula ndi kutseka valavu iyenera kukhala yofanana komanso yopanda kusokoneza.

Zigawo zina za ma valavu amphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimagundana ndi kutseguka ndi kutseka zaganizira mfundo yakuti mphamvu yogundana imeneyi siingakhale yofanana ndi ya ma valavu wamba. Musanatsegule, valavu ya nthunzi iyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo madzi oundana ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kuti madzi asagwedezeke, iyenera kutsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono momwe zingathere. Gudumu lamanja liyenera kuzunguliridwa pang'ono pansi valavu ikatsegulidwa mokwanira kuti igwire ulusi ndikuletsa kumasuka ndi kuwonongeka.

Pa ma valve omangirira omwe akukwera, ndikofunikira kukumbukira komwe tsinde lili pamene latsegulidwa bwino komanso lotsekedwa bwino kuti lisagwere pakati pa pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kudziwa ngati ndi lofala kwambiri pamene latsekedwa bwino. Malo a tsinde la valavu amasuntha pamene latsekedwa bwino ngati tsinde la valavu lathyoka kapena ngati pali zinthu zofunika pakati pa chisindikizo cha valavu. Vavu ikhoza kutsegulidwa pang'ono kuti madzi othamanga kwambiri azitha kutsuka dothi lochuluka la paipi musanatseke pang'ono (musatseke mwadzidzidzi kapena mwamphamvu kuti mupewe zinyalala zotsalira zomwe zingatseke pamwamba pa chisindikizo). Yambitsaninso, chitani izi kangapo, sambitsani dothi, kenako mugwiritse ntchito monga mwachizolowezi.

Mukatseka ma valve omwe nthawi zambiri amatseguka, zinyalala zilizonse zomwe zili pamalo otsekera ziyenera kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa valavu isanatsekedwe mwalamulo. Pofuna kupewa kuwononga sikweya ya tsinde la valavu, chifukwa valavuyo siitseguka kapena kutsekedwa, ndikuyambitsa ngozi zokhudzana ndi kupanga, gudumu lamanja ndi chogwirira ziyenera kukhala ndi zida mwachangu ngati zasweka kapena zatayika. Wrench yosinthika singagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzisintha. Pambuyo valavuyo itatsekedwa, zinthu zina zimazizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavuyo ichepetse. Pofuna kupewa kuti mng'alu usawonekere pamalo otsekera, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kutsekanso nthawi yoyenera. Ngati zikuoneka kuti panthawi ya opaleshoni zikuvuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake chiyenera kufufuzidwa.

N'zotheka kusintha bwino kulongedza kwa valavu ngati kuli kolimba kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kudziwitsidwa kuti akonze tsinde la valavu ngati lapindika. Ngati valavu iyenera kutsegulidwa panthawiyi, ulusi wophimba valavu ukhoza kumasulidwa ndi theka la bwalo kupita ku bwalo limodzi kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa tsinde la valavu, kenako mutembenuze gudumu lamanja. Kwa ma valavu ena, valavu ikatsekedwa, gawo lotseka lidzakula chifukwa cha kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsegula.

Chinyengo 17

Kukhazikitsa molakwika ma valve okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri

Zotsatira zake: Kutaya madzi

Miyeso: Popeza ma valve otentha kwambiri opitilira 200°C amayikidwa kutentha kwa chipinda, ayenera kumangidwanso kuti "kutentha kukhale kolimba" pambuyo pa ntchito yanthawi zonse kutentha kukakwera, mabawuti amakula chifukwa cha kutentha, ndipo mpata umakula. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa ntchitoyi chifukwa kutuluka kwa madzi kungachitike mosavuta popanda kutayikira.

Chinyengo 18

Kusowa kwa madzi otuluka mumlengalenga nthawi yozizira

Miyeso: Madzi omwe asonkhana kumbuyo kwa valavu yamadzi ayenera kuchotsedwa kunja kuli kozizira ndipo valavu yamadzi yatsekedwa kwa kanthawi. Madzi oundana ayenera kuchotsedwa valavu ya nthunzi ikazima nthunzi. Pansi pa valavuyo pamafanana ndi pulagi yomwe ingatsegulidwe kuti madzi atuluke.

Chinyengo 19

Valavu yopanda chitsulo, mphamvu yotsegulira ndi kutseka ndi yayikulu kwambiri

Miyeso: Ma valve osakhala achitsulo amabwera ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, zina mwa izo zimakhala zolimba komanso zofooka. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito potsegula ndi kutseka siyenera kukhala yochulukirapo, makamaka osati yoopsa. Samalani kuti musagundane ndi zinthu.

Chinyengo 20

Kulongedza kwatsopano kwa valavu kolimba kwambiri

Njira: Kulongedza sikuyenera kuyikidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri valavu yatsopano ikakhala ikugwira ntchito kuti ipewe kutuluka kwa madzi, kupanikizika kwambiri pa tsinde la valavu, kuwonongeka mwachangu, komanso kutsegula ndi kutseka kovuta. Njira zomangira mavalavu, malo otetezera mavalavu, zida zodutsa ndi zolumikizira, komanso kusintha mavalavu ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri chifukwa ubwino wa kuyika mavalavu umakhudza mwachindunji kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.