Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri lowongolera mu dongosolo loperekera madzi, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa valavu ndikofunikira kwambiri pa kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha dongosolo lonse. Nazi mfundo zatsatanetsatane zosamalira valavu tsiku ndi tsiku:

Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe

1. Tsukani pamwamba pa valavu

Yeretsani nthawi zonse pamwamba pa valavu kuti muchotse zinthu zodetsa monga fumbi, mafuta, dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero. Gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yoyera, yofewa kapena burashi poyeretsa. Pa madontho olimba, mungagwiritse ntchito sopo yoyenera, koma samalani kuti musawononge zinthu za valavu ndi sopo. Mwachitsanzo, pa mavalavu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mungagwiritse ntchito sopo wofatsa wa alkaline;ma valve okhala ndi malo opakidwa utoto, sankhani sopo wosavulaza utoto.

Tsukani dzina la valavu ndipo onetsetsani kuti zambiri za dzina la valavuyo ndi zomveka bwino komanso zosavuta kuwerenga. Dzina la valavuyo lili ndi mfundo zofunika monga chitsanzo cha valavuyo, mfundo zake, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ndi tsiku lopangira, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito monga kukonza, kukonza, ndi kusintha mavalavuwo.

2. Chongani mawonekedwe a valavu

Onetsetsani mosamala ngati thupi la valavu, chivundikiro cha valavu, flange ndi mbali zina za valavu zili ndi ming'alu, kusintha kapena zizindikiro za kuwonongeka. Ming'alu ingayambitse kutuluka kwa media, ndipo kusintha kungakhudze momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imatsekedwera. Pa mavalavu achitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti chiwone ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika monga mabowo amchenga.

Yang'anani mbali zolumikizira za valavu, monga ngati mabotolo omwe ali pa cholumikizira cha flange ndi omasuka, akugwa kapena adzimbiri. Mabotolo omasuka adzakhudza magwiridwe antchito otseka a flange ndipo ayenera kumangidwa pakapita nthawi; mabotolo omwe ali ndi dzimbiri angafunike kusinthidwa kuti atsimikizire kudalirika kwa cholumikiziracho. Nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani ngati ma gasket omwe ali pazigawo zolumikizira ali bwino. Ngati awonongeka kapena akalamba, ayenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.

Yang'anani ngati ziwalo zogwirira ntchito za valavu, monga gudumu lamanja, chogwirira kapena choyendetsera magetsi, zawonongeka, zasokonekera kapena zatayika. Zigawozi ndi zofunika kwambiri polamulira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valavu. Ngati zawonongeka, valavuyo singagwire ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa gudumu lamanja kungalepheretse woyendetsa kuyendetsa bwino kutsegula kwa valavuyo.

Kuyang'ana kutseka ma valavu

1. Kuyang'anira kutayikira kwakunja

Pa gawo lotseka tsinde la valavu, yang'anani ngati pali kutayikira kwapakati. Madzi ochepa ozindikira kutayikira (monga madzi a sopo) angagwiritsidwe ntchito mozungulira tsinde la valavu kuti muwone ngati thovu lapangidwa. Ngati pali thovu, zikutanthauza kuti pali kutayikira mu tsinde la valavu, ndipo ndikofunikira kuwonanso ngati chosindikizira kapena chosindikizira chawonongeka kapena chakalamba. Chosindikizira kapena chosindikiziracho chingafunike kusinthidwa kuti athetse vuto la kutayikira.

Yang'anani ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi pa flange yolumikizira valavu. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito chowunikira kutuluka kwa madzi kuti muwone ngati pali thovu lomwe likutuluka m'mphepete mwa flange. Pa ma flange omwe ali ndi kutuluka pang'ono, mungafunike kulimbitsanso mabotolo kapena kusintha gasket kuti mukonze kutuluka kwa madzi. Pa kutuluka kwakukulu kwa madzi, muyenera kutseka kaye ma valve akumtunda ndi akumunsi, kuchotsa cholumikiziracho mu payipi, kenako ndikuchikonza.

2. Kuyang'anira kutayikira kwamkati

Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kutayikira kwa mkati kutengera mtundu wa valavu ndi malo ogwirira ntchito. Pa mavalavu oimitsa ndi mavalavu a chipata, kutayikira kwa mkati kumatha kuweruzidwa potseka valavu kenako nkuona ngati pali malo otayikira pansi pa valavu. Mwachitsanzo, mu dongosolo la madzi, mutha kuwona ngati pali madzi akutuluka kapena kutsika kwa mphamvu mu payipi yotsika; mu dongosolo la mpweya, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chodziwira mpweya kuti muwone ngati pali kutayikira kwa mpweya pansi.

Pa ma valve a mpira ndi ma valve a gulugufe, mutha kuweruza kaye kutuluka kwa mkati mwa kuwona ngati chizindikiro cha malo chili cholondola valavu ikatsekedwa. Ngati chizindikiro cha malo chikuwonetsa kuti valavu yatsekedwa kwathunthu, koma pali kutuluka kwa sing'anga, pakhoza kukhala vuto ndi chisindikizo pakati pa mpira kapena mbale ya gulugufe ndi mpando wa valavu. Ndikofunikira kuwunikanso ngati pamwamba pa mpando wa valavu yawonongeka, yakanda kapena yolumikizidwa ndi zinyalala, ndikupukuta kapena kusintha mpando wa valavu ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kuwunika momwe ntchito ya valavu imagwirira ntchito

1. Kuyang'anira ntchito ya valavu yamanja

Gwiritsani ntchito valavu yamanja nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati valavuyo ndi yotseguka kutsegula ndi kutseka. Mukatsegula ndi kutseka valavuyo, samalani ngati mphamvu yogwirira ntchitoyo ndi yofanana komanso ngati pali kukana kulikonse komwe kwakhala kapena kosazolowereka. Ngati ntchitoyo ndi yovuta, ikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kukangana kwakukulu pakati pa tsinde la valavu ndi kulongedza, zinthu zakunja zomwe zakhazikika m'thupi la valavu, kapena kuwonongeka kwa zigawo za valavuyo.

Onetsetsani ngati chizindikiro chotsegulira valavu chili cholondola. Pa mavavu okhala ndi zizindikiro zotsegulira, monga mavavu owongolera, mukamagwiritsa ntchito valavu, yang'anani ngati kuwerenga kwa chizindikiro chotsegulira kukugwirizana ndi kutseguka kwenikweni. Chizindikiro chotsegulira chosalondola chingakhudze kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka makina, ndipo chizindikirocho chiyenera kukonzedwa kapena kukonzedwa.

Pa ma valve ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, samalani ndi kuwonongeka kwa gudumu lamanja kapena chogwirira. Zigawo zogwirira ntchito zogwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso zingakhudze momwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amamvera komanso kuyambitsa ntchito yosalamulirika. Magudumu amanja kapena zogwirira zogwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi kulondola kwa ntchito ya valavu.

2. Kuyang'anira ntchito ya mavavu amagetsi

Onetsetsani ngati kulumikizana kwa magetsi kwa valavu yamagetsi kuli bwino komanso ngati mawaya awonongeka, akale kapena otayirira. Onetsetsani kuti kutumiza kwa chizindikiro chowongolera cha actuator yamagetsi kuli bwino. Mutha kuwona ngati valavuyo ikhoza kutsegula, kutseka kapena kusintha digiri yotsegulira molondola malinga ndi malangizo pogwiritsa ntchito makina owongolera.

Yang'anirani momwe valavu yamagetsi imagwirira ntchito, monga ngati liwiro lotsegulira ndi kutseka kwa valavu likukwaniritsa zofunikira, komanso ngati pali kugwedezeka kosazolowereka kapena phokoso. Kugwedezeka kosazolowereka kapena phokoso kungayambitsidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zamkati mwa actuator yamagetsi, kulephera kwa kapangidwe ka makina a valavu kapena kuyika kosayenera. Kuwunikanso ndi kusamalira valavu yamagetsi kumafunika, kuphatikizapo kuwona momwe zinthu zikuyendera monga mota, chochepetsera, ndi cholumikizira.

Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha switch ya malire oyendera ya valavu yamagetsi. Chosinthira malire oyendera ndi chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri chowongolera malo otsegulira ndi kutseka kwa valavu. Ngati chosinthira malire chalephera, chingayambitse valavu kutseguka kapena kutsekedwa kwambiri, kuwononga valavu kapena choyendetsera magetsi. Poyerekeza momwe valavu imatsegulira ndi kutseka kwathunthu, yang'anani ngati chosinthira malire chingadule molondola magetsi a mota kuti zitsimikizire kuti valavu ikugwira ntchito bwino.

Kupaka mafuta ndi kukonza

1. Kuyang'ana malo opaka mafuta

Dziwani malo opaka mafuta a valavu, nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo tsinde la valavu, mabearing, magiya ndi zina. Pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavalavu, malo ndi chiwerengero cha malo opaka mafuta zimatha kusiyana. Mwachitsanzo, malo opaka mafuta akuluakulu a mavalavu a chipata ndi malo olumikizirana pakati pa tsinde la valavu ndi chipata ndi njanji yotsogolera; mavalavu a mpira amafunika kupaka mafuta malo olumikizirana pakati pa mpira ndi mpando wa valavu ndi tsinde la valavu.

Yang'anani ngati pali mafuta okwanira pamalo opaka mafuta. Ngati mafutawo sakwanira, angayambitse kukangana kwakukulu pakati pa zigawozo, zomwe zimakhudza momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Pa mavalavu ena okhala ndi madoko opaka mafuta, mutha kuweruza ngati mafutawo pamalo opaka mafutawo ndi okwanira poyang'ana malo opaka mafuta kapena kuwona kuchuluka kwa mafuta.

2. Sankhani mafuta oyenera

Sankhani mafuta oyenera malinga ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a valavu ndi zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake. Pansi pa kutentha kwabwinobwino ndi kupanikizika, mafuta ochokera ku lithiamu ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri okhala ndi mafuta abwino komanso osawonongeka. Pa mavavu omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mafuta ochokera ku polyurea kapena mafuta a perfluoropolyether omwe sagwira kutentha kwambiri amatha kusankhidwa; m'malo otentha pang'ono, mafuta a ester okhala ndi madzi otsika kutentha amafunika.
Pa malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amawononga mankhwala, monga ma valve mumakampani opanga mankhwala, mafuta oletsa dzimbiri ayenera kusankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta a fluoro amatha kuletsa dzimbiri la mankhwala monga ma acid amphamvu ndi alkali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azigwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso kuti ma valve azitetezedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ndi ma valve ndi zinthu zina kuyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa zigawo chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mankhwala a mafuta.

3. Ntchito yopaka mafuta

Pa ma valve omwe amafunika mafuta, awadzolereni mafuta motsatira njira yoyenera komanso nthawi yoyenera. Pa ma valve amanja, mungagwiritse ntchito mfuti yamafuta kapena mphika wamafuta kuti mulowetse mafuta m'malo opaka mafuta. Mukalowetsa mafuta, samalani kuti musalowe kwambiri kuti mafuta asasefukire ndikuipitsa malo ozungulira kapena kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a valavu. Pa ma valve amagetsi, ma actuator ena amagetsi ali ndi njira yawoyawo yopaka mafuta, yomwe imafuna kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi mafuta. Pa ma valve amagetsi omwe alibe njira yawoyawo yopaka mafuta, malo opaka mafuta akunja ayenera kudzozedwa ndi manja.

Mukamaliza kudzola mafuta, gwiritsani ntchito valavu kangapo kuti mafutawo agawidwe mofanana pamwamba pa zigawo kuti mafutawo agwire bwino ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, yeretsani mafuta omwe amadzaza kwambiri panthawi yodzola mafuta kuti malo ozungulira valavu akhale oyera.

Kuyang'anira zowonjezera za ma valavu

1. Kuyang'anira zosefera

Ngati fyuluta yayikidwa pamwamba pa valavu, yang'anani fyuluta nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati yatsekeka. Kutsekeka kwa fyuluta kumachepetsa kuyenda kwa madzi ndikuwonjezera kutayika kwa kuthamanga, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a valavu. Mutha kuweruza ngati yatsekeka powona kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kumapeto onse a fyuluta. Kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kukapitirira malire enaake, fyulutayo iyenera kutsukidwa kapena chinthu choseferacho chiyenera kusinthidwa.

Mukatsuka fyuluta, tsatirani njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito kuti musawononge chophimba cha fyuluta kapena ziwalo zina. Pa mafyuluta ena olondola, mungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zoyeretsera ndi zotsukira. Mukatsuka, onetsetsani kuti fyulutayo yayikidwa bwino komanso yotsekedwa bwino.

2. Kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi valavu yotetezera

Onetsetsani ngati choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya pafupi ndi valavu chikugwira ntchito bwino. Onetsetsani ngati choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya chingasonyeze kuthamanga kwa mpweya molondola komanso ngati choyimbiracho chili chomveka bwino komanso chosavuta kuwerenga. Ngati choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya chidumphadumpha, sichibwerera ku zero, kapena chikusonyeza molakwika, zitha kukhala kuti zigawo zamkati mwa choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya zawonongeka kapena choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya chili ndi vuto, ndipo choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya chiyenera kuyesedwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Pa makina omwe ali ndi mavavu oteteza, onetsetsani ngati valavu yoteteza ili bwino nthawi zonse. Onetsetsani ngati kuthamanga kwa valavu yoteteza kukukwaniritsa zofunikira komanso ngati kungatsegulidwe molondola pa kuthamanga komwe kwakhazikitsidwa kuti kutulutse kuthamanga kochulukirapo. Kugwira ntchito kwa valavu yoteteza kumatha kuyesedwa ndi mayeso amanja kapena zida zoyesera zaukadaulo. Nthawi yomweyo, onani momwe kutsekera kwa valavu yoteteza kumagwirira ntchito kuti mupewe kutuluka kwa kuthamanga kwabwinobwino.

Kusamalira ma valve tsiku ndi tsiku kumafuna kusamala komanso kuleza mtima. Kudzera mu kuyang'anira ndi kukonza nthawi zonse, mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi ma valve amatha kupezeka ndikuthetsedwa mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma valve azitha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika.