1. Valavu ya chipata: Valavu ya chipata ndi valavu yomwe chiwalo chake chotseka (chipata) chimayenda motsatira njira yowongoka ya mzere wa njira. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kudula cholumikizira pa payipi, kutanthauza kuti, chotseguka kwathunthu kapena chotsekedwa kwathunthu. Mavavu a chipata wamba sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kochepa komanso kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za valavu. Komabe, mavavu a chipata nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi omwe amanyamula zinthu monga matope.

ubwino:
1. Kukana madzi pang'ono;
2. Mphamvu yofunikira potsegula ndi kutseka ndi yaying'ono;
3. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa payipi ya netiweki yozungulira komwe sing'anga imayenda mbali ziwiri, kutanthauza kuti, njira yoyendera siili yoletsedwa;
4. Pamene yatsegulidwa bwino, pamwamba pa chotsekacho sipawonongeka kwambiri ndi chogwirira ntchito kuposa valavu yozungulira;
5. Mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta ndipo njira yopangira ndi yabwino;
6. Kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake ndi kochepa.

kusowa:
1. Kukula konse ndi kutalika kwa kutsegula ndi kwakukulu, ndipo malo ofunikira oyikapo ndi akulunso;
2. Potsegula ndi kutseka, pamwamba pa chitsekocho pamakhala pang'ono, ndipo kukangana kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo n'kosavuta kuyambitsa kukwawa ngakhale kutentha kwambiri;
3. Kawirikawiri, ma valve a chipata amakhala ndi malo awiri otsekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zina pa kukonza, kupukuta ndi kukonza;
4. Nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka ndi yayitali.

2. Valavu ya Gulugufe: Valavu ya Gulugufe ndi mtundu wa valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zotsegulira ndi kutseka za mtundu wa disc kuti itembenuke ndi kubwerera pafupifupi 90° kuti itsegule, kutseka ndikusintha njira yamadzimadzi.

ubwino:
1. Kapangidwe kosavuta, kakang'ono, kopepuka, kocheperako, kosagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mavavu akuluakulu;
2. Kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu, kukana kuyenda pang'ono;
3. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zolumikizira zokhala ndi tinthu tolimba tomwe timapachikidwa, ndipo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa zolumikizira za ufa ndi granular malinga ndi mphamvu ya pamwamba pake. Ndi yoyenera kutsegula ndi kutseka njira ziwiri komanso kusintha mapaipi opumira mpweya ndi fumbi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi a gasi ndi m'madzi mu metallurgy, makampani opanga magetsi, magetsi, makina a petrochemical, ndi zina zotero.

kusowa:
1. Kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi si kwakukulu. Pamene kutseguka kufika pa 30%, madziwo adzalowa oposa 95%.
2. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka valavu ya gulugufe ndi zinthu zotsekera, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri. Kutentha konsekonse kogwira ntchito kuli pansi pa 300°C ndi pansi pa PN40.
3. Kutsekeka kwa ma valve ndi ma valve a globe ndi kotsika poyerekeza ndi ma valve a mpira, kotero imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe kutsekeka sikofunikira kwambiri.

3. Valavu ya mpira: Yapangidwa kuchokera ku valavu yolumikizira. Gawo lake lotsegulira ndi kutseka ndi lozungulira, ndipo thupi lotsekera limazunguliridwa 90° mozungulira mzere wa tsinde la valavu kuti likwaniritse cholinga chotsegulira ndi kutseka. Valavu ya mpira imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kudula, kugawa ndikusintha njira yoyendera ya medium pa payipi, ndipo valavu ya mpira yopangidwa ndi kutsegula kofanana ndi V ilinso ndi ntchito yabwino yolamulira kayendedwe ka madzi.

ubwino:
1. Ili ndi kukana kotsika kwambiri kwa madzi (kwenikweni 0);
2. Popeza sichidzamira pamene chikugwira ntchito (mu mafuta), chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito modalirika pa zinthu zowononga komanso pamadzimadzi otsika kutentha;
3. Pakupanikizika kwakukulu ndi kutentha, imatha kutseka kwathunthu;
4. Imatha kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu. Nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka ya nyumba zina ndi 0.05 ~ 0.1s yokha, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu dongosolo lodziyimira pawokha la benchi yoyesera. Mukatsegula ndi kutseka valavu mwachangu, palibe kugwedezeka komwe kumagwira ntchito.
5. Chiwalo chotseka chozungulira chikhoza kuyikidwa chokha pamalo olowera malire;
6. Chogwirira ntchito chimatsekedwa bwino mbali zonse ziwiri;
7. Pamene yatsegulidwa bwino komanso yatsekedwa bwino, pamwamba pa mpira ndi mpando wa valavu zimachotsedwa pa sing'anga, kotero sing'anga yodutsa mu valavu pa liwiro lalikulu sidzayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa sing'anga;
8. Ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono komanso kulemera kopepuka, imatha kuonedwa ngati kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ka valavu yamakina otsika kutentha;
9. Thupi la valavu ndi lofanana, makamaka kapangidwe ka thupi la valavu yolumikizidwa, yomwe imatha kupirira kupsinjika kuchokera ku payipi;
10. Zigawo zotsekera zimatha kupirira kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwambiri zikatsekedwa.
11. Valavu ya mpira yokhala ndi thupi lolumikizidwa bwino imatha kuikidwa pansi mwachindunji, kuti ziwalo zamkati za valavu zisawonongeke, ndipo nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito ikhoza kufika zaka 30. Ndi valavu yoyenera kwambiri ya mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe.

kusowa:
1. Popeza mphete yofunika kwambiri yotsekera mipando ya valavu ya mpira ndi polytetrafluoroethylene, siigwira ntchito pafupifupi mankhwala onse, ndipo ili ndi coefficient yaying'ono yokangana, magwiridwe antchito okhazikika, yosakalamba mosavuta, kutentha kogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito otsekera. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Komabe, mawonekedwe a PTFE, kuphatikizapo coefficient yayikulu yokulirapo, kukhudzidwa ndi kuyenda kozizira komanso kutentha koipa, zimafuna kuti zisindikizo za mipando zipangidwe mozungulira izi. Chifukwa chake, pamene zotsekera ziuma, kudalirika kwa chisindikizo kumachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, PTFE ili ndi kutentha kochepa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pa 180°C. Kupitirira kutentha kumeneku, zida zotsekera zimakalamba. Ngati zigwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pa 120°C.
2. Kugwira ntchito kwake kosintha kumakhala koipa kuposa kwa valavu yozungulira, makamaka valavu ya pneumatic (kapena valavu yamagetsi).

4. Valavu yozungulira: ikutanthauza valavu yomwe chiwalo chake chotseka (diski) chimasuntha pakati pa mpando wa valavu. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kayendedwe ka diski, kusintha kwa doko la mpando wa valavu kumagwirizana ndi kukwawa kwa diski. Chifukwa kukwawa kotsegulira kapena kutseka kwa tsinde la valavu ya mtundu uwu wa valavu ndi kochepa, ndipo ili ndi ntchito yodalirika kwambiri yodulira, ndipo chifukwa kusintha kwa kutseguka kwa mpando wa valavu kumagwirizana ndi kukwawa kwa valavu ya diski, ndi koyenera kwambiri kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi. Chifukwa chake, valavu yamtunduwu ndi yoyenera kwambiri kudula kapena kulamulira ndi kugwedeza.

ubwino:
1. Pa nthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka, popeza mphamvu yokangana pakati pa diski ndi pamwamba pa valavu ndi yaying'ono kuposa ya valavu ya chipata, siigwira ntchito.
2. Kutalika kwa malo otseguka nthawi zambiri kumakhala gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi okha a njira yopachikira mpando, kotero kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa valavu ya chipata;
3. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala malo amodzi okha otsekera pa thupi la valavu ndi diski ya valavu, kotero njira yopangira ndi yabwino ndipo ndi yosavuta kusamalira.
4. Popeza chodzaza nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosakaniza cha asbestos ndi graphite, mulingo wotsutsa kutentha umakhala wokwera. Kawirikawiri ma valve a nthunzi amagwiritsa ntchito ma valve ozungulira.

kusowa:
1. Popeza njira yoyendetsera madzi kudzera mu valavu yasintha, mphamvu yocheperako yoyendetsera madzi ya valavu yozungulira ndi yokwera kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya mavalavu;
2. Chifukwa cha kukwapula kwakutali, liwiro lotsegulira limakhala locheperako kuposa la valavu ya mpira.

5. Valavu yolumikizira: Imatanthauza valavu yozungulira yokhala ndi gawo lotseka looneka ngati plunger. Kudzera mu kuzungulira kwa 90°, doko la njira pa pulagi ya valve limalumikizidwa kapena kulekanitsidwa ndi doko la njira pa thupi la valve kuti litsegule kapena kutseka. Mawonekedwe a pulagi ya valve akhoza kukhala ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Mfundo yake ndi yofanana ndi ya valavu ya mpira. Valavu ya mpira imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito valavu yolumikizira. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogwiritsira ntchito mafuta komanso m'makampani opanga mafuta.

6. Valavu yotetezera: imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipangizo choteteza kupanikizika kwambiri pa zombo zopondereza, zida kapena mapaipi. Pamene kupanikizika mu chipangizocho, chidebe kapena payipi kukwera pamwamba pa mtengo wololedwa, valavu imatseguka yokha kenako imatuluka kwathunthu kuti chipangizocho, chidebe kapena payipi ndi kupanikizika kusapitirire kukwera; pamene kupanikizika kutsika kufika pa mtengo wotchulidwa, valavu iyenera kutseka yokha nthawi yake kuti iteteze magwiridwe antchito otetezeka a zida, zotengera kapena mapaipi.

7. Msampha wa nthunzi: Madzi ena oundana adzapangidwa ponyamula nthunzi, mpweya wopanikizika ndi zinthu zina. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chipangizochi chikugwira ntchito bwino komanso chikugwira ntchito bwino, zinthu zopanda ntchito komanso zovulaza izi ziyenera kutulutsidwa nthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipangizocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso kuti chikhale chotetezeka. Chili ndi ntchito izi: 1. Chingathe kuchotsa madzi oundana mwachangu; 2. Kuletsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi; 3. Kuchotsa mpweya ndi mpweya wina wosaundana.

8. Valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika: Ndi valavu yomwe imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya wolowera kufika pa kuthamanga kwina kofunikira potulutsa mpweya kudzera mu kusintha, ndipo imadalira mphamvu ya cholumikiziracho kuti chisunge kuthamanga kokhazikika kwa mpweya wotulukira mpweya.

9. Valavu yowunikira: yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu yobwerera m'mbuyo, valavu yoyang'ana, valavu yokakamiza kumbuyo ndi valavu yolowera mbali imodzi. Mavalavu amenewa amatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa okha ndi mphamvu yopangidwa ndi kuyenda kwa cholumikiziracho chomwe chili mu payipi, chomwe ndi mtundu wa valavu yodziyimira yokha. Vavu yoyang'ana imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo la mapaipi, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuletsa kuyenda kwa cholumikiziracho kumbuyo, kuzungulira kwa pampu ndi mota yoyendetsera, komanso kutulutsa kwa cholumikiziracho. Mavalavu oyang'ana amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamizere yomwe imapereka machitidwe othandizira komwe kuthamanga kumatha kukwera pamwamba pa kuthamanga kwa dongosolo. Itha kugawidwa makamaka m'mitundu yozungulira (yozungulira malinga ndi pakati pa mphamvu yokoka) ndi mtundu wokweza (woyenda motsatira mzere)