KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO MAVALVU

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa za makina osonkhanitsira madzi opangidwa bwino, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amalamulira komwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madzi ingapite ndi komwe singapite. Zipangizo zomangira zimasiyana malinga ndi malamulo am'deralo, koma polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi mkuwa/mkuwa ndi zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri.

Komabe, pali zosiyana. Mapulojekiti omwe adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse "Living Building Challenge" amafunikira miyezo yokhwima yokhudza nyumba zobiriwira ndipo amaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito PVC ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi zovulaza chilengedwe chifukwa cha njira zopangira kapena njira zotayira.

Kuwonjezera pa zipangizo, pali njira zina zopangira ndi mtundu wa ma valavu. Nkhani yonseyi ikuyang'ana mapangidwe odziwika bwino a makina osonkhanitsira madzi amvula ndi madzi a imvi komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valavu pa kapangidwe kalikonse.

Kawirikawiri, momwe madzi osonkhanitsidwawo adzagwiritsidwiritsidwiranso ntchito komanso momwe malamulo a mapaipi am'deralo amagwiritsidwira ntchito zidzakhudza mtundu wa valavu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chowonadi china chomwe chikuganiziridwa ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe alipo kuti asonkhanitsidwe sikungakhale kokwanira kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsanso ntchito 100%. Pankhaniyi, madzi apakhomo (amadzi akumwa) akhoza kuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo kuti akwaniritse kusowa kwake.

Nkhawa yaikulu ya mabungwe olamulira zaumoyo wa anthu ndi mapaipi ndi kulekanitsa magwero a madzi apakhomo ndi kulumikizana kwa madzi osonkhanitsidwa komanso kuipitsidwa komwe kungachitike ndi madzi akumwa apakhomo.

KUSUNGA/KUCHITA UCHITSITSI

Thanki yamadzi ya tsiku ndi tsiku ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutsuka zimbudzi ndi zotengera zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti ziziziritsidwe. Pa makina othirira, nthawi zambiri kupopa madzi mwachindunji kuchokera m'chitsime kuti agwiritsidwenso ntchito. Pankhaniyi, madziwo amalowa mwachindunji mu gawo lomaliza losefera ndi ukhondo asanatuluke mu makina othirira.

Ma valve a mpira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera madzi chifukwa amatha kutseguka ndi kutsekedwa mwachangu, amakhala ndi ma doko onse ogawa madzi komanso kutayika kwa mphamvu zochepa. Kapangidwe kabwino kamalola kuti zida zichotsedwe kuti zikonzedwe popanda kusokoneza dongosolo lonse. Mwachitsanzo, njira yodziwika bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchitomavavu a mpirapa ma nozzles a thanki kuti akonze zida zapansi popanda kuchotsa madzi mu thanki. Pampuyi ili ndi valavu yodzipatula, yomwe imalola kuti pampuyo ikonzedwe popanda kutulutsa madzi mu payipi yonse. Vavu yoletsa kuyenda kwa madzi (valavu yoyezera) imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu njira yodzipatula (Chithunzi 3).

KULETSA KUIPITSA/KUCHIRA

Kuletsa kubwerera kwa madzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira iliyonse yosonkhanitsira madzi. Ma valve oyesera ozungulira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kubwerera kwa madzi paipi pamene pampu yatsekedwa ndipo kuthamanga kwa madzi kutayika. Ma valve oyesera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poletsa madzi apakhomo kapena madzi osonkhanitsidwa kuti asabwererenso, zomwe zingayambitse kuti madzi aipitsidwe kapena kulowa m'malo omwe palibe amene akufuna.

Pamene pompu yoyezera imawonjezera mankhwala a chlorine kapena abuluu pamzere wopanikizika, valavu yaying'ono yoyezera yotchedwa valavu yopangira jekeseni imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Valavu yayikulu yoyezera ma disc kapena wafer imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina odzaza madzi omwe ali pa thanki yosungiramo zinthu kuti madzi asamayende bwino komanso kuti makoswe asalowe m'madzi.

17 madzi okwanira chithunzi 5 Ma valve a gulugufe ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja kapena magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma valve otseka mapaipi akuluakulu (Chithunzi 5). Pa ntchito zapansi panthaka, ma valve a gulugufe ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi giya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka madzi mu thanki yamadzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha kusunga magaloni mazana ambiri a madzi, kuti pampu yomwe ili m'chitsime chonyowa ikonzedwe bwino komanso mosavuta. Kukula kwa shaft kumalola kuwongolera ma valve pansi pa mtunda kuchokera pamlingo wotsetsereka.

Opanga ena amagwiritsanso ntchito ma valve a gulugufe a mtundu wa lug, omwe amatha kuchotsa mapaipi otsika pansi, kotero valavu ikhoza kukhala valavu yotseka. Ma valve a gulugufe awa amamangiriridwa ku ma flange ogwirizana mbali zonse ziwiri za valavu. (Vavu ya gulugufe ya Wafer simalola ntchitoyi). Dziwani kuti mu Chithunzi 5, valavu ndi extension zili m'chitsime chonyowa, kotero valavu ikhoza kukonzedwa popanda bokosi la valavu.

Ngati ntchito zotsika monga madzi otayira madzi m'thanki yamadzi zikufunika kuyendetsa valavu, valavu yamagetsi si njira yabwino chifukwa choyatsira magetsi nthawi zambiri chimalephera pakakhala madzi. Kumbali ina, mavalavu opumira mpweya nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa chifukwa chosowa mpweya wopanikizika. Mavalavu oyendetsedwa ndi hydraulic (hydraulic) nthawi zambiri ndi omwe angathandize. Choyatsira magetsi chomwe chili pafupi ndi chowongolera nthawi zambiri chimatha kupereka madzi opanikizika ku choyatsira madzi chotsekedwa nthawi zambiri, chomwe chingatsegule kapena kutseka valavu ngakhale choyatsira madzi chikamizidwa. Kwa ma actuator a hydraulic, palibe chiopsezo choti madzi akhudze choyatsira magetsi, monga momwe zilili ndi ma actuator amagetsi.

Pomaliza
Machitidwe ogwiritsiranso ntchito madzi pamalopo sasiyana ndi machitidwe ena omwe ayenera kuwongolera kuyenda kwa madzi. Mfundo zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma valve ndi makina ena ochizira madzi zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zapadera za gawo latsopanoli la makampani amadzi. Komabe, pamene kuyitanitsa nyumba zokhazikika kukuwonjezeka tsiku lililonse, makampaniwa mwina ndi ofunikira kwambiri kumakampani opanga ma valve.