Valavu ya chipatandi zotsatira za kusintha kwa mafakitale. Ngakhale kuti mapangidwe ena a ma valve, monga ma globe valve ndi ma plug valve, akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, ma gate valve akhala akulamulira makampaniwa kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo posachedwapa apereka gawo lalikulu pamsika ku ma ball valve ndi butterfly valve designs.

Kusiyana pakati pa valavu ya chipata ndi valavu ya mpira, valavu yolumikizira ndi valavu ya gulugufe ndikuti chinthu chotseka, chotchedwa disc, gate kapena occluder, chimakwera pansi pa tsinde la valavu kapena spindle, chimatuluka mumsewu wamadzi ndikulowa pamwamba pa valavu, yotchedwa bonnet, ndikuzungulira kudzera mu spindle kapena spindle mozungulira maulendo angapo. Ma valve awa omwe amatseguka mozungulira amadziwikanso kuti ma multi turn kapena linear valves, mosiyana ndi ma quarter turn valves, omwe ali ndi tsinde lomwe limazungulira madigiri 90 ndipo nthawi zambiri silimakwera.

Ma valve a pachipata amapezeka m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso muyeso wa kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Amakhala ndi kukula kuyambira pa NPS yomwe imakwanira dzanja lanu kuyambira ½ inchi mpaka galimoto yayikulu ya NPS ya mainchesi 144. Ma valve a pachipata amakhala ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi castings, forgings, kapena zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi welding, ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake ka castings ndi kopambana.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ma valve a chipata ndichakuti amatha kutsegulidwa kwathunthu popanda kutsekeka kapena kukangana pang'ono m'mabowo oyenda. Kukana kwa kuyenda komwe kumaperekedwa ndi valavu yotseguka ya chipata kuli kofanana ndi kwa gawo la chitoliro chokhala ndi kukula kofanana kwa doko. Chifukwa chake, ma valve a chipata amaganiziridwabe kuti ndi otsekeka kapena otsegula/ozimitsa. Mu mayina ena a ma valve, ma valve a chipata amatchedwa ma valve a globe.

Ma valve a chipata nthawi zambiri sali oyenera kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi kapena kugwira ntchito mbali ina iliyonse kupatula kutseguka kwathunthu kapena kutseka kwathunthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya chipata yotseguka pang'ono kuti ichepetse kapena kulamulira kayendedwe ka madzi kungawononge mbale ya valavu kapena mphete ya mpando wa valavu, chifukwa pamalo otseguka pang'ono omwe amayambitsa kugwedezeka, malo a mpando wa valavu adzagundana.

Kalembedwe ka valavu ya chipata

Kuchokera kunja, ma valve ambiri a chipata amaoneka ofanana. Komabe, pali njira zambiri zosiyanasiyana zopangira. Ma valve ambiri a chipata amakhala ndi thupi ndi bonnet, yomwe ili ndi chinthu chotseka chotchedwa disc kapena chipata. Chinthu chotsekacho chimalumikizidwa ku tsinde lomwe limadutsa mu bonnet ndipo pamapeto pake ku handguard kapena drive ina kuti ligwiritse ntchito tsinde. Kupanikizika kozungulira tsinde la valavu kumayendetsedwa ndi kulongedza komwe kumakanikizidwa kumalo olongedza kapena chipinda.

Kusuntha kwa mbale ya valavu ya chipata pa tsinde la valavu kumatsimikizira ngati tsinde la valavu likukwera kapena kukulungira mu mbale ya valavu panthawi yotsegula. Izi zimatanthauzanso mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya tsinde/diski ya mavalavu a chipata: tsinde lokwera kapena tsinde losakwera (NRS). Tsinde lokwera ndiye kalembedwe kodziwika kwambiri ka kapangidwe ka tsinde/diski pamsika wamafakitale, pomwe tsinde losakwera lakhala likukondedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi makampani opanga madzi ndi mapaipi. Ntchito zina zombo zomwe zimagwiritsabe ntchito mavalavu a chipata ndipo zili ndi malo ang'onoang'ono zimagwiritsanso ntchito kalembedwe ka NRS.

Kapangidwe ka stem/bonnet kofala kwambiri pa ma valve a mafakitale ndi ulusi wakunja ndi yoka (OS&Y). Kapangidwe ka OS&Y ndi koyenera kwambiri m'malo owononga chifukwa ulusiwo uli kunja kwa malo otsekerera madzi. Umasiyana ndi mapangidwe ena chifukwa gudumu lamanja limalumikizidwa ku bushing pamwamba pa yoka, osati ku tsinde lokha, kuti gudumu lamanja lisakwere pamene valavu yatsegulidwa.

Kugawidwa kwa msika wa ma valve a chipata

Ngakhale m'zaka 50 zapitazi, mavavu ozungulira a right angle akhala ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika wa mavavu a zipata, mafakitale ena amadalirabe kwambiri pa iwo, kuphatikizapo makampani amafuta ndi gasi. Ngakhale mavavu a mpira apita patsogolo m'mapaipi a gasi wachilengedwe, mapaipi amafuta osakonzedwa kapena amadzimadzi akadali malo a mavavu a zipata okhala ndi malo ofanana.

Pankhani ya kukula kwakukulu, ma valve a chipata akadali chisankho chachikulu pa ntchito zambiri mumakampani oyeretsera. Kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake ndi mtengo wonse wa umwini (kuphatikizapo ndalama zosamalira) ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kapangidwe kake kachikhalidwe.

Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito, njira zambiri zoyeretsera mafuta zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuposa kutentha kotetezeka kwa Teflon, komwe ndi malo oikirapo mipando yayikulu ya ma valve a mpira oyandama. Ma valve a gulugufe ogwira ntchito bwino komanso ma valve a mpira otsekedwa ndi chitsulo akuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafakitale oyeretsera mafuta, ngakhale kuti mtengo wawo wonse wa umwini nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kuposa wa ma valve a pachipata.

Makampani opanga madzi akulamulidwabe ndi ma valve achitsulo. Ngakhale akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi, ndi otsika mtengo komanso olimba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa makampani opanga magetsimavavu a chipata cha alloypa ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ma valve ena atsopano a mtundu wa Y ndi ma valve a mpira okhala ndi zitsulo omwe adapangidwa kuti azitsekereza apezeka mufakitale yamagetsi, ma valve a chipata amakondedwabe ndi opanga mafakitale ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.