2.5 Valavu yolumikizira
Vavu yolumikizira ndi valavu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito thupi la pulagi yokhala ndi dzenje lotulukira ngati gawo lotsegulira ndi kutseka, ndipo thupi la pulagi limazungulira ndi tsinde la valavu kuti litsegule ndi kutseka. Vavu yolumikizira ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu, kugwira ntchito mosavuta, kukana madzi pang'ono, zigawo zochepa komanso kulemera kopepuka. Mavavu olumikizira amapezeka m'mitundu yolunjika, ya njira zitatu ndi ya njira zinayi. Vavu yolumikizira yolunjika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula sing'anga, ndipo mavavu olumikizira atatu ndi ya njira zinayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira ya sing'anga kapena kupotoza sing'anga.
Vavu ya gulugufe ndi mbale ya gulugufe yomwe imazungulira 90° mozungulira mzere wokhazikika m'thupi la valavu kuti imalize ntchito yotsegulira ndi kutseka. Mavavu a gulugufe ndi ang'onoang'ono, opepuka kulemera komanso kapangidwe kosavuta, okhala ndi zigawo zochepa chabe.
Ndipo imatha kutsegulidwa ndikutsekedwa mwachangu pongozungulira 90°, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwira ntchito. Valavu ya gulugufe ikatsegulidwa bwino, makulidwe a mbale ya gulugufe ndiye okhawo omwe amalimbana ndi sing'anga pamene ikuyenda m'thupi la valavu. Chifukwa chake, kutsika kwa kuthamanga komwe kumapangidwa ndi valavu ndi kochepa kwambiri, kotero imakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino owongolera kuyenda. Mavavu a gulugufe amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri yotsekera: chisindikizo chofewa chokhazikika ndi chisindikizo cholimba chachitsulo. Valavu yotsekera yokhazikika, mphete yotsekera imatha kuyikidwa m'thupi la valavu kapena kulumikizidwa kumphepete kwa mbale ya gulugufe. Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito potsekera, mapaipi opumira apakatikati ndi zowononga. Mavavu okhala ndi zisindikizo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa mavavu okhala ndi zisindikizo zokhazikika, koma zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa kutsekera kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mikhalidwe yomwe kutsika kwa kuyenda ndi kupanikizika kumasintha kwambiri ndipo magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera amafunika. Zisindikizo zachitsulo zimatha kusintha kutentha kwambiri, pomwe zisindikizo zokhazikika zimakhala ndi vuto lochepa chifukwa cha kutentha.
Valavu yofufuzira ndi valavu yomwe imatha kuletsa madzi kuyenda mozungulira. Disiki ya valavu yofufuzira imatsegulidwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa madzi, ndipo madziwo amayenda kuchokera kumbali yolowera kupita kumbali yotulutsira madzi. Pamene kuthamanga kwa mbali yolowera kuli kotsika kuposa mbali yotulutsira madzi, valavu yofufuzira imatseka yokha chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi, mphamvu yake yokoka ndi zinthu zina kuti madzi asabwererenso. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, imatha kugawidwa m'magawo monga valavu yowunikira yokweza ndi valavu yowunikira yozungulira. Mtundu wokweza uli ndi kutseka bwino komanso kukana madzi kuposa mtundu wa swing. Pa polowera ...
Gawo lotsegulira ndi kutseka la valavu ya diaphragm ndi valavu ya rabara, yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa thupi la valavu ndi chivundikiro cha valavu.
Gawo lapakati lotulukira la diaphragm limakhazikika pa tsinde la valavu, ndipo thupi la valavulo lili ndi rabala. Popeza cholumikiziracho sichilowa mkati mwa chivundikiro cha valavulo, tsinde la valavulo silifuna bokosi lodzaza. Vavulo ya diaphragm ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, magwiridwe antchito abwino otsekera, kusamalitsa kosavuta, komanso kukana madzi pang'ono. Mavavulo a diaphragm amagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yolunjika, mitundu yolondola ndi yolunjika.
3. Malangizo osankha ma valavu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
3.1 Malangizo osankha ma valavu a chipata
Muzochitika zachizolowezi, ma valve a chipata ayenera kukondedwa. Kuwonjezera pa kukhala oyenera nthunzi, mafuta ndi zinthu zina zolumikizira, ma valve a chipata ndi oyeneranso zinthu zolumikizira zokhala ndi zinthu zolimba komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu, ndipo ndi oyenera ma valve m'makina otulutsira mpweya komanso makina otsika a vacuum. Pazinthu zolumikizira zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba, thupi la valve ya chipata liyenera kukhala ndi mabowo amodzi kapena awiri oyeretsera. Pazinthu zolumikizira kutentha kochepa, ma valve apadera a chipata ayenera kusankhidwa.
3.2 Malangizo osankha ma valve oimitsa
Valavu yoyimitsa ndi yoyenera mapaipi omwe ali ndi zofunikira zoleza pa kukana kwamadzimadzi, ndiko kuti, kutayika kwa kuthamanga sikuganiziridwa kwambiri, komanso mapaipi kapena zida zomwe zili ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Ndi yoyenera mapaipi a nthunzi ndi ena apakati okhala ndi DN <200mm; mavavu ang'onoang'ono amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mavavu odulidwa. Mavavu, monga mavavu a singano, mavavu a zida, mavavu oyesa zitsanzo, mavavu oyezera kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero; mavavu oyimitsa ali ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi kapena kuthamanga, koma kulondola kosintha sikofunikira, ndipo m'mimba mwake wa payipi ndi wochepa, kotero valavu yoyimitsa kapena valavu yothira madzi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito Valavu; Pazinthu zodetsa kwambiri, valavu yoyimitsa yotsekedwa ndi bellows iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; komabe, valavu yoyimitsa siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zodetsa zomwe zili ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso zinthu zomwe zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi sedimentation, komanso siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati valavu yotulutsa mpweya ndi valavu mu dongosolo lotsika la vacuum.
3.3 Malangizo osankha ma valavu a mpira
Ma valve a mpira ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotentha pang'ono, zopanikizika kwambiri, komanso zokhuthala kwambiri. Ma valve ambiri a mpira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo olumikizirana okhala ndi tinthu tolimba tomwe timapachikidwa, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'malo olumikizirana okhala ndi ufa ndi granular malinga ndi zofunikira pa zinthu zotsekera; ma valve a mpira a full-channel si oyenera kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi, koma ndi oyenera nthawi zina zomwe zimafuna kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu, zomwe ndizosavuta kuchita. Kudula mwadzidzidzi pakagwa ngozi; nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa m'mapaipi okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito okhwima otsekera, kuwonongeka, njira zochepetsera, kutseguka ndi kutseka mwachangu, kudula kwamphamvu (kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga), phokoso lotsika, kupangika kwa mpweya, mphamvu yaying'ono yogwirira ntchito, komanso kukana madzi pang'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito ma valve a mpira; ma valve a mpira ndi oyenera nyumba zopepuka, kudula kwamphamvu kochepa, ndi zinthu zowononga; ma valve a mpira ndi omwenso ndi ma valve abwino kwambiri pa zinthu zotentha pang'ono komanso zozizira. Pa makina a mapaipi ndi zida zomwe zili ndi zinthu zotentha pang'ono, ma valve a mpira otsika kutentha okhala ndi zophimba za valve ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; sankhani Mukagwiritsa ntchito valavu ya mpira yoyandama, mipando yake iyenera kunyamula katundu wa mpira ndi malo ogwirira ntchito. Ma valve a mpira akuluakulu amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ma valve a mpira okhala ndi DN ≥ 200mm ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotumizira nyongolotsi; ma valve a mpira okhazikika ndi oyenera kukula kwakukulu komanso zinthu zopanikizika kwambiri; kuphatikiza apo, ma valve a mpira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi opangira zinthu zoopsa kwambiri komanso zoyatsira moto ayenera kukhala ndi zomangamanga zoteteza moto komanso zotsutsana ndi static.
3.4 Malangizo osankha ma throttle valve
Valavu yopukutira ndi yoyenera nthawi zina pamene kutentha kwapakati kuli kochepa komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuli kwakukulu. Ndi yoyenera zinthu zomwe zimafunika kusintha kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhuthala komanso tinthu tolimba, ndipo sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati valavu yodzipatula.
3.5 Malangizo osankha ma plug valve
Valavu yolumikizira ndi yoyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri si yoyenera pa nthunzi ndi pakati pa kutentha kwakukulu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pakati pa kutentha kochepa komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu, komanso imagwiranso ntchito pa pakati pa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa.
3.6 Malangizo osankha ma valavu a gulugufe
Ma valve a gulugufe ndi oyenera malo okhala ndi mainchesi akuluakulu (monga DN﹥600mm) ndi kutalika kwa kapangidwe kake kochepa, komanso malo omwe kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu kumafunika. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamadzi, mafuta ndi zopondereza zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa ≤80°C ndi kupsinjika kwa ≤1.0MPa. Mpweya ndi zinthu zina; chifukwa kutayika kwa kuthamanga kwa ma valve a gulugufe ndi kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi ma valve a chipata ndi ma valve a mpira, ma valve a gulugufe ndi oyenera makina apaipi omwe ali ndi zofunikira zotayika kwa kuthamanga.
3.7 Yang'anani malangizo osankha ma valavu
Ma valve oyesera nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenera malo oyera ndipo sayenera malo okhala ndi tinthu tolimba komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu. Ngati DN ≤ 40mm, valavu yoyezera kukweza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (yololedwa kuyikidwa pamapaipi opingasa okha); ngati DN = 50 ~ 400mm, valavu yoyezera kukweza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (ikhoza kuyikidwa pamapaipi opingasa komanso oimirira. Ngati yayikidwa pa payipi yoyima, njira yoyendera yapakati iyenera kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba); ngati DN ≥ 450mm, valavu yoyezera kutsekereza iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; ngati DN = 100 ~ 400mm, valavu yoyezera kutsekereza ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito; valavu yoyezera kugwedezeka. Vavu yobwerera ikhoza kupangidwa kuti ikhale ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kogwira ntchito, PN imatha kufika 42MPa, ndipo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo aliwonse ogwirira ntchito komanso pamalo aliwonse ogwirira ntchito kutengera zida za chipolopolo ndi zomatira. Malo olumikizira ndi madzi, nthunzi, gasi, malo owononga, mafuta, mankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Kutentha kogwirira ntchito kwa malo olumikizira kuli pakati pa -196 ~ 800℃.
3.8 Malangizo osankha ma valavu a diaphragm
Vavu ya diaphragm ndi yoyenera mafuta, madzi, zinthu zosakaniza ndi asidi zomwe zili ndi zinthu zolimba zomwe zimayimitsidwa kutentha kosakwana 200°C komanso kupanikizika kosakwana 1.0MPa. Sikoyenera zinthu zosungunulira zachilengedwe komanso zinthu zosakaniza ndi okosijeni. Mavavu a diaphragm amtundu wa Weir ayenera kusankhidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zosakaniza ndi zosakaniza. Mukasankha vavu ya diaphragm yamtundu wa Weir, onani tebulo la makhalidwe ake oyenda; madzi okhuthala, simenti yosungunuka ndi zinthu zoyambitsa madzi ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mavavu a diaphragm olunjika; kupatulapo zofunikira zina, mavavu a diaphragm sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi a vacuum ndi zida zochotsera mpweya.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-08-2023
