Valavu yothandizira chitetezo, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu yoteteza kupitirira muyeso, ndi chipangizo chodzithandizira chokha chochepetsera kupanikizika chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi kupanikizika kwapakati. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati valavu yoteteza komanso valavu yothandiza kutengera momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan, pali matanthauzo ochepa omveka bwino a ma valve achitetezo ndi ma valve opumulira. Kawirikawiri, zipangizo zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zombo zazikulu zosungira mphamvu monga ma boiler zimatchedwa ma valve achitetezo, ndipo zomwe zimayikidwa pa mapaipi kapena malo ena zimatchedwa ma valve opumulira. Komabe, malinga ndi zomwe zili mu "Miyezo Yaukadaulo Yopangira Mphamvu Yotentha" ya Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Makampani Padziko Lonse ku Japan, magawo ofunikira pakutsimikizira chitetezo cha zida amatchula kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve achitetezo, monga ma boiler, ma superheater, ma reheater, ndi zina zotero. Muzochitika zomwe mbali yapansi ya valavu yochepetsera kupanikizika ikufunika kulumikizidwa ku boiler ndi turbine, valavu yopumulira kapena valavu yotetezera iyenera kuyikidwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, valavu yotetezera imafuna kudalirika kwambiri kuposa valavu yopumulira.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera ku malamulo okhudza kuyendetsa mpweya woipa kwambiri a Unduna wa Zantchito ku Japan, malamulo a Unduna wa Zoyendera ndi mabungwe a sitima pamlingo uliwonse, kuzindikira ndi malamulo okhudza kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka bwino, timatcha valavu yomwe imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka kuti ndi valavu yotetezeka, ndipo valavu yomwe siimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka kuti ndi valavu yothandiza. Ku China, kaya ndi yotseguka kwathunthu kapena yaying'ono, yonse imatchedwa valavu yotetezeka.

1. Chidule

Ma valve oteteza ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zotetezera ma boiler, ziwiya zopondereza ndi zida zina zopondereza. Kudalirika kwa ntchito yawo komanso ubwino wa magwiridwe antchito awo zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo cha zida ndi antchito, ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusunga mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito ena ndi madipatimenti opanga nthawi zonse amasankha mtundu wolakwika posankha. Pachifukwa ichi, nkhaniyi ikuwunika kusankha ma valve oteteza.

2. Tanthauzo

Ma valve otchedwa chitetezo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma valve opumulira. Kuchokera ku malamulo oyang'anira, ma valve omwe amayikidwa mwachindunji pa ma boiler a nthunzi kapena mtundu wa zombo zopanikizika ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dipatimenti yoyang'anira zaukadaulo. Mwanjira yopapatiza, amatchedwa ma valve opumulira, ndipo ena nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma valve opumulira. Ma valve opumulira ndi ma valve opumulira ali ofanana kwambiri mu kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito. Onsewa amatulutsa okha mkati mwa makina pamene kupanikizika kotseguka kwadutsa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha zida zopangira. Chifukwa cha kufanana kofunikira kumeneku, anthu nthawi zambiri amasokoneza awiriwa akamagwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zina zopangira zimanenanso kuti mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kusankhidwa m'malamulo. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa. Zotsatira zake, mavuto ambiri amabuka. Ngati tikufuna kupereka tanthauzo lomveka bwino la ziwirizi, titha kuzimvetsa malinga ndi tanthauzo lomwe lili mu gawo loyamba la ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:

(1)Valavu yotetezera, chipangizo chodzithandizira chokha chochepetsera kupanikizika chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi kupanikizika kosasinthasintha kwa cholumikizira chamagetsi chomwe chili patsogolo pa valavu. Chimadziwika ndi kutsegula kwathunthu ndi kutsegula mwadzidzidzi. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito mpweya kapena nthunzi.

(2)Valavu yothandizira, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti valavu yodzaza ndi madzi, ndi chipangizo chodzithandizira chokha chochepetsera kupanikizika chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi kupanikizika kosasinthasintha kwa cholumikizira chomwe chili patsogolo pa valavu. Chimatseguka molingana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika komwe kumapitirira mphamvu yotsegulira. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogwiritsira ntchito madzi.