A valve pachipatandi valavu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzitsulo, kusunga madzi, ndi zina. Msika wavomereza machitidwe ake osiyanasiyana. Pamodzi ndi kuphunzira valavu ya pachipata, idachitanso kafukufuku wambiri wa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso kuthana ndi ma valve a zipata.

Zotsatirazi ndi kufotokozera kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe a ma valve a pachipata, kugwiritsa ntchito, kuthetsa mavuto, kuwongolera khalidwe, ndi zina.

kapangidwe

Ma valve a gatekamangidwe kamakhala ndi mbale yachipata ndi mpando wa valve, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valve. Zigawo zazikulu za valve yachipata zimaphatikizapo thupi lake, mpando, mbale yachipata, tsinde, bonnet, bokosi lodzaza, thumba lonyamula, nthiti, gudumu lamanja, ndi zina zotero. Kukula kwa tchanelo kumatha kusintha ndipo njirayo imatha kutsekedwa kutengera momwe malo oyendera pachipata ndi mpando wa valve asinthira. Malo okwera pachipata cha chipata ndi mpando wa valve ndi pansi kuti valve yachipata ikhale yotseka mwamphamvu.

Ma valve a zipataAtha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa wedge ndi mtundu wofananira, kutengera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a mavavu a pachipata.

Chipata chooneka ngati mphero cha ma valve otsekera chipata (chotseka), pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kofanana ndi mphero pakati pa chipata ndi mpando wa valve, womwe umapanga ngodya ya oblique ndi mzere wapakati wa njira. Ndizotheka kuti mbale ya wedge ikhale ndi nkhosa imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma valve a zipata zofananira: omwe ali ndi makina okulitsa ndi omwe alibe, ndipo mawonekedwe awo osindikizira amakhala ofanana ndi mzere wapakati wa tchanelo ndikufanana wina ndi mnzake. Nkhosa zamphongo ziwiri zokhala ndi njira yofalira zilipo. Mphepete mwa nkhosa zamphongo ziwiri zofananirazo zimatambasulidwa pampando wa valavu motsagana ndi gradient kutsekereza njira yolowera pamene nkhosazo zimatsika. Zitseko ndi zitseko zidzatsegulidwa pamene nkhosa zamphongo zikukwera. Mphepete imathandizidwa ndi bwana pa mbale ya pachipata, yomwe imakwera pamtunda woperekedwa ndikulekanitsa malo ofananira a mbale. Chipata chapawiri popanda njira yowonjezera chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzimadzi kuti ikakamize chipata kutsutsana ndi thupi la valve kumbali yotulutsira valavu kuti asindikize madziwa pamene amalowa pampando wa valve pamipando iwiri yofanana.

Ma valve a zipata amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma valve okwera tsinde ndi ma valve obisala obisala malinga ndi momwe tsinde la valve limayendera pamene chipata chatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa. Pamene valavu ya chipata chokwera imatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, mbale ya chipata ndi tsinde la valve zonse zimakwera ndi kugwa nthawi imodzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene valavu ya chipata chobisika imatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, mbale ya pakhomo imangokwera ndikugwa ndipo tsinde la valve limangozungulira. Phindu la valavu ya tsinde lokwera ndilokuti kutalika komwe kumakhalapo kumatha kuchepetsedwa pamene kutalika kwa njirayo kungathe kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukwera kwa tsinde la valve. Tsekani valavu mwa kuzungulira dzanja kapena kugwiritsira ntchito koloko mukuyang'ana.

Mfundo za kusankha vavu pachipata ndi zochitika

Valve yachipata chooneka ngati V

Kufunsira kwa mavavu a zipata za slab ndi:

(1) Vavu yachipata chathyathyathya yokhala ndi mabowo opatulira imapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyeretsa mapaipi onyamula gasi ndi mafuta.

(2) Malo osungiramo mafuta oyeretsedwa ndi mapaipi.

(3) Zida zopangira madoko amafuta ndi gasi.

(4) Machitidwe a mapaipi odzaza ndi tinthu.

(5) Paipi yotumizira gasi yamzinda.

(6) Mapaipi.

Njira yosankha valavu ya slab gate:

(1) Gwiritsirani ntchito mavavu a chipata chimodzi kapena chawiri pamapaipi onyamula gasi ndi mafuta. Gwiritsani ntchito valavu yachipata chimodzi yokhala ndi valavu yotseguka yachipata ngati mukuyeretsa mapaipi.

(2) Mavavu a zipata zosalala okhala ndi nkhosa yamphongo imodzi kapena nkhosa yamphongo iwiri yopanda mabowo amasankhidwa pamapaipi oyendera mafuta oyengeka ndi zida zosungira.

(3) Chipata chimodzi kapena mavavu a zipata ziwiri zokhala ndi mipando yobisika yoyandama ndi mabowo olowera amasankhidwa kuti aziyika madoko amafuta ndi gasi.

(4) Mavavu a pachipata chooneka ngati mpeni amasankhidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mapaipi omwe ali ndi zida zoyimitsidwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito chipata chimodzi kapena zipata ziwiri zofewa zomata zotsekera zomata pamapaipi otumizira gasi wakutawuni.

(6) Chipata chimodzi kapena mavavu a zipata ziwiri zokhala ndi ndodo zotseguka ndipo palibe mabowo opatutsira omwe amasankhidwa kuti akhazikitse madzi apampopi.

valavu ya chipata cha wedge

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mavavu achipata cha wedge: Vavu ya pachipata ndiye mtundu wa ma valve omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Nthawi zambiri, singagwiritsidwe ntchito powongolera kapena kugwedeza ndipo ndi yoyenera kutsegula kapena kutseka kwathunthu.

Ma valve a Wedge gate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito ndipo palibe zoletsa zakunja kwa valve. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zotsekera ndizofunikira kuti zisungidwe kusindikizidwa kwanthawi yayitali pomwe sing'anga yogwirira ntchito ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kawirikawiri, amalangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito valavu yachipata cha wedge pamene mikhalidwe yautumiki imayitanitsa ntchito yodalirika yosindikiza, kuthamanga kwambiri, kudula kwapamwamba (kusiyana kwakukulu kwapakati), kutsika kwapakati (kusiyana kochepa), phokoso lochepa, cavitation ndi vaporization, kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwapakati, kapena kutentha kochepa (cryogenic). Mafakitale ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya woperekera madzi ndi zimbudzi, kuphatikiza makampani opanga magetsi, kusungunula mafuta, mafakitale amafuta, mafuta akunyanja, chitukuko cha m'matauni, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi ena.
Mulingo wosankha:

(1) Zofunikira pamtundu wamadzimadzi a valve. Ma valve a zipata amasankhidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito komwe kulibe kukana kutulutsa, mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri, mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri oyenda, komanso zofunikira zomata mwamphamvu.

(2) Sing'anga yokhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha. monga kutentha kwambiri, mafuta othamanga kwambiri, ndi nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri.

(3) A cryogenic (otsika-kutentha) sing'anga. mwachitsanzo hydrogen yamadzimadzi, okosijeni wamadzimadzi, ammonia wamadzimadzi, ndi zinthu zina.

(4) M'mimba mwake komanso kuthamanga kochepa. monga kuthira zimbudzi ndi zopangira madzi.

(5) Malo oyika: Sankhani valavu yobisika ya tsinde la chipata ngati kutalika kwa unsembe kuli koletsedwa; sankhani valavu yachipata cha tsinde ngati sichoncho.

(6) Mavavu a chipata cha wedge amagwira ntchito pokhapokha atatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu; sizingasinthidwe kapena kugwedezeka.

Zolakwa Wamba ndi Kukonza

zovuta za valve pachipata ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimachitika pafupipafupi valavu ya pachipata ikagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kutentha kwapakati, kupanikizika, dzimbiri, komanso kusuntha kwa magawo osiyanasiyana olumikizana.

(1) Kutayikira: Kutuluka kwakunja ndi kutuluka kwamkati ndi magulu awiri. Kutuluka kwakunja ndi mawu akuti kutayikira kunja kwa valavu, ndipo kutuluka kwakunja kumawonedwa pafupipafupi m'mabokosi oyika zinthu ndi kulumikizana kwa flange.

Chithokomiro chonyamula ndi chotayirira; pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu imaphwanyidwa; mtundu kapena khalidwe la stuffing sakwaniritsa miyezo; kuyikapo ndikukalamba kapena tsinde la valve lawonongeka.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zingayambitse kutayikira pa kugwirizana kwa flange: zosakwanira zakuthupi za gasket kapena kukula; osauka flange kusindikiza pamwamba processing khalidwe; zomangika molakwika mabawuti olumikizira; mapaipi opangidwa molakwika; ndi katundu wowonjezera wowonjezera wopangidwa pa kugwirizana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira kwamkati kwa valavu ndi izi: Kutuluka kwamkati komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa valve kumadza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo osindikizira a valve kapena muzu wokhazikika wa mphete yosindikiza.

(1) Thupi la valavu, boneti, tsinde la valve, ndi malo osindikizira a flange nthawi zambiri ndizomwe zimawononga dzimbiri. Zochita za sing'anga ndi ion kutulutsa kuchokera ku fillers ndi gaskets ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri.

(2) Kukwapula: Kukwinya kapena kusenda pamwamba komwe kumachitika pamene mpando wa valve ndi chipata zimayenda molumikizana wina ndi mzake pamene zikukhudzana wina ndi mzake.

Kukonza valavu pachipata

(1) Kukonza valavu yotuluka kunja

Pofuna kuteteza chithokomiro kuti chisapendekeke ndikusiya mpata kuti chifanane, zomangira za gland ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika musanakanikize kulongedza. Pofuna kupewa kukhudza kuzungulira kwa tsinde la valve, kuchititsa kuti kulongedza kutha msanga, ndikufupikitsa moyo wautumiki wa kulongedza, tsinde la valavu liyenera kuzunguliridwa ndikukanikizira kulongedza kuti kulongedzako kukhale kofanana ndikuletsa kukakamiza kuti kusakhale kolimba kwambiri. . Pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu amaphwanyidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sing'angayo ikhale yosavuta kutuluka. Musanagwiritse ntchito, tsinde la valve liyenera kukonzedwa kuti lichotse zokopa pamwamba pake.

Ngati gasket yawonongeka, iyenera kusinthidwa. Ngati zinthu za gasket zidasankhidwa molakwika, zinthu zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kusankhidwa. Ngati mawonekedwe osindikizira a flange ndi ocheperako, malowo ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikukonzedwa. Mpaka itayenerera, malo osindikizira a flange amasinthidwanso.

Kuonjezera apo, kumangirira kokwanira kwa bawuti wa flange, kumanga mapaipi koyenera, komanso kupewa kupsinjika kowonjezera pamalumikizidwe a flange kumathandizanso kupewa kutulutsa kwa flange.

(2) Kukonza valavu yamkati ikutha

Pamene mphete yosindikizira imangiriridwa ku mbale ya valve kapena mpando mwa kukanikiza kapena ulusi, kukonza zotuluka mkati kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa malo osindikizira owonongeka ndi muzu womasuka wa mphete yosindikizira. Palibe vuto ndi muzu wotayirira kapena kutayikira ngati malo osindikizira athandizidwa nthawi yomweyo pathupi la valve ndi mbale ya valve.

Ngati malo osindikizira amakonzedwa mwachindunji pa thupi la valve ndipo malo osindikizira amawonongeka kwambiri, malo osindikizira owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa poyamba. Ngati malo osindikizira apangidwa ndi mphete yosindikiza, mphete yakaleyo iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mphete yatsopano yosindikiza iyenera kuperekedwa. Mphete yatsopano yosindikizirayo iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndiyeno malo okonzedwawo aphwanyidwe kukhala malo atsopano osindikizira. Kupera kumatha kuchotsa zolakwika pamalo osindikizira omwe ndi osakwana 0.05mm kukula kwake, kuphatikiza zikwawu, zotupa, zophwanya, zopindika, ndi zolakwika zina.

Muzu wa mphete yosindikizira ndi pamene kutayikira kumayambira. Tetrafluoroethylene tepi kapena utoto woyera wandiweyani uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pampando wa vavu kapena pansi pa mphete ya mphete yosindikizirayo ikakhazikika ndi kukanikiza. Pamene mphete yosindikizira yatsekedwa, tepi ya PTFE kapena utoto woyera wandiweyani uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ulusiwo kuti madzi asadutse pakati pa ulusiwo.

(3) Kukonza ma valve ochita dzimbiri

Tsinde la valavu nthawi zambiri limamizidwa, koma thupi la valve ndi bonnet nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi dzimbiri. Zinthu zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanakonze. Ngati tsinde la valavu lili ndi maenje otsekera, liyenera kupangidwa pa lathe kuti lichotse kukhumudwa ndikudzaza ndi zinthu zomwe zimatuluka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Kapenanso, chodzazacho chiyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi osungunuka kuti chichotse chodzaza chilichonse chomwe chingawononge tsinde la valve. ions zowononga.

(4) Kugwira zingwe pamalo osindikizira

Yesetsani kupewa kukanda pamalo osindikizira mukamagwiritsa ntchito valavu, ndipo samalani kuti musatseke ndi torque yambiri. Kupera kumatha kuchotsa zokopa pamtunda wosindikiza.

Kupenda ma valve anayi a zipata

Ma valve pachipata chachitsulo amapanga gawo lalikulu pamsika komanso zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Muyenera kukhala odziwa zambiri pakuwunika kwamtundu wazinthu komanso zomwe zili patsamba kuti mukhale woyang'anira wabwino wazinthu.

zinthu zoyendera ma valve pachipata chachitsulo

Zizindikiro, makulidwe ochepera a khoma, kuyezetsa kukakamiza, kuyesa kwa zipolopolo, ndi zina zotere ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu. Makulidwe a khoma, kupanikizika, ndi kuyesa kwa zipolopolo ndi zina mwa izo ndipo ndizofunikira zowunikira. Zogulitsa zosayenerera zimatha kuyesedwa kwathunthu ngati pali zinthu zosayenera.

Mwachidule, sizikunena kuti kuyang'anira mtundu wazinthu ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika kwazinthu zonse. Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa bwino zinthu zomwe zawunikiridwa tingathe kuchita bwino ntchito yoyendera. Monga antchito oyendera kutsogolo, ndikofunikira kuti tipitilize kukonza zomwe tikufuna.