A valavu ya chipatandi valavu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yomwe ndi yofala kwambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a zitsulo, kusunga madzi, ndi zina. Msikawu wavomereza magwiridwe antchito ake osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa kuphunzira valavu ya chipata, idachitanso kafukufuku wokwanira wa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndikuthetsa mavuto a mavalavu a chipata.

Zotsatirazi ndi kufotokozera kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka ma valve a chipata, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, momwe amathetsera mavuto, momwe amawongolera khalidwe, ndi zina.

kapangidwe

Valavu ya chipataKapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mbale ya chipata ndi mpando wa valavu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valavu. Zigawo zazikulu za valavu ya chipata ndi monga thupi lake, mpando, mbale ya chipata, tsinde, bonnet, bokosi lodzaza, chipolopolo chopakira, nati ya tsinde, gudumu lamanja, ndi zina zotero. Kukula kwa njira kumatha kusintha ndipo njirayo ikhoza kutsekedwa kutengera momwe malo a chipata ndi mpando wa valavu zimasinthira. Malo olumikizirana a mbale ya chipata ndi mpando wa valavu amaphwanyidwa kuti valavu ya chipata ikhale yotseka bwino.

Ma valve a chipataZingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: mtundu wa wedge ndi mtundu wofanana, kutengera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a ma valve a chipata.

Chipata chooneka ngati wedge cha valavu ya chipata cha wedge chimatseka (kutseka), pogwiritsa ntchito mpata wooneka ngati wedge pakati pa chipata ndi mpando wa valavu, womwe umapanga ngodya yopingasa ndi mzere wapakati wa njira. N'zotheka kuti mbale ya wedge ikhale ndi nkhosa imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya ma valve oyenderana: ena okhala ndi njira yowonjezera ndi ena opanda, ndipo malo awo otsekera ndi olunjika ku mzere wapakati wa njirayo ndipo ali ofanana. Pali ma ram awiri okhala ndi njira yofalitsira. Ma wedge a ma ram awiri ofanana amatambasuka pa mpando wa valavu motsutsana ndi gradient kuti alepheretse njira yoyendera pamene ma ram akutsika. Ma wedge ndi ma gate adzatsegulidwa ma ram akakwera. Wedge imathandizidwa ndi boss pa gate plate, yomwe imakwera kufika kutalika kodziwika ndikulekanitsa pamwamba pa mbaleyo. Chipata chawiri chopanda njira yowonjezera chimagwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika kwa madzi kuti chikakamize chipata motsutsana ndi thupi la valavu kumbali yotulukira ya valavu kuti chitseke madziwo akamalowa mu mpando wa valavu m'malo awiri oyenderana a mipando.

Ma valve a chipata amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma valve okweza chipata ndi ma valve obisa chipata kutengera momwe tsinde la valve limayendera chipata chikatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa. Pamene valavu yokweza chipata ikatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, mbale ya chipata ndi tsinde la valve zonse zimakwera ndi kutsika nthawi imodzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene valavu yobisika ya chipata ikatsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa, mbale ya chipata imakwera ndi kutsika ndipo tsinde la valve limazungulira lokha. Ubwino wa valavu yokweza chipata ndi wakuti kutalika komwe kumakhalapo kumatha kuchepetsedwa pomwe kutalika kwa njira yotsegulira kungadziwike ndi kutalika kwa tsinde la valve. Tsekani valavu pozungulira gudumu lamanja kapena chogwirira motsutsa wotchi pamene mukuyang'ana.

Mfundo zoyendetsera kusankha ma valve a chipata ndi momwe zinthu zilili

Valavu ya chipata yooneka ngati V

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve a chipata cha slab ndi awa:

(1) Vavu yopapatiza yokhala ndi mabowo osinthira zinthu imapangitsa kuti kuyeretsa mapaipi onyamula gasi wachilengedwe ndi mafuta kukhale kosavuta.

(2) Malo osungira mafuta oyeretsedwa ndi mapaipi.

(3) Zipangizo zopezera mafuta ndi gasi.

(4) Makina a mapaipi opachikidwa odzazidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

(5) Chitoliro chotumizira mpweya wa mzindawo.

(6) Kukonza mapaipi.

Njira yosankhira ma valve a chipata cha slab:

(1) Gwiritsani ntchito ma valavu a chipata chimodzi kapena ziwiri pa mapaipi onyamula gasi wachilengedwe ndi mafuta. Gwiritsani ntchito valavu ya chipata chimodzi yokhala ndi valavu yotseguka ngati pakufunika kuyeretsa payipi.

(2) Ma valve a chipata chathyathyathya okhala ndi nkhosa imodzi kapena nkhosa ziwiri zopanda mabowo osinthira amasankhidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito popaira mafuta oyeretsedwa komanso zida zosungiramo zinthu.

(3) Ma valve a chipata chimodzi kapena awiri okhala ndi mipando yoyandama yobisika ndi mabowo otsetsereka amasankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito poyika madoko otulutsa mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe.

(4) Ma valve otchingira chipata chooneka ngati mpeni amasankhidwa pa mapaipi omwe ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapachikidwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito ma valve a chipata chimodzi kapena awiri otsekedwa bwino a chipata chokwera ndi ndodo yopapatiza yopapatiza pa mapaipi otumizira gasi mumzinda.

(6) Ma valve a chipata chimodzi kapena awiri okhala ndi ndodo zotseguka komanso opanda mabowo osinthira amasankhidwa kuti akhazikitse madzi apampopi.

valavu ya chipata cha wedge

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ma valve a chipata cha wedge: Valavu ya chipata ndi mtundu wa valavu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, singagwiritsidwe ntchito powongolera kapena kutsekereza ndipo ndi yoyenera potsegula kwathunthu kapena kutseka kwathunthu.

Ma valve a chipata cha wedge nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi zovuta zina zogwirira ntchito komanso opanda zoletsa zokhwima pa kukula kwa valavu. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zotsekera ndizofunikira kuti zisunge kutseka kwa nthawi yayitali pamene chogwirira ntchito chili ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

Kawirikawiri, akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito valavu ya chipata cha wedge pamene ntchito ikufuna kuti ntchito yotseka ikhale yodalirika, kuthamanga kwambiri, kudula kwa mphamvu (kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu), kudula kwa mphamvu yochepa (kusiyana pang'ono kwa mphamvu), phokoso lochepa, kutulutsa mpweya ndi nthunzi, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwapakati, kapena kutentha kochepa (cryogenic). Makampani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya wopereka madzi ndi zimbudzi, kuphatikizapo makampani opanga magetsi, kusungunula mafuta, makampani opanga mafuta, mafuta a m'nyanja, chitukuko cha mizinda, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi ena.
Muyeso wosankha:

(1) Zofunikira pa makhalidwe a madzi a valavu. Ma valavu a pachipata amasankhidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamene palibe kukana kwakukulu kwa madzi, mphamvu yokwanira ya madzi, makhalidwe abwino a madzi, komanso zofunikira kwambiri zotsekera.

(2) Sitima yokhala ndi mphamvu ndi kutentha kwambiri monga kutentha kwambiri, mafuta opanikizika kwambiri, ndi nthunzi yothamanga kwambiri.

(3) Chomera chotentha kwambiri (chotentha pang'ono). Mwachitsanzo, haidrojeni yamadzimadzi, okosijeni yamadzimadzi, ammonia yamadzimadzi, ndi zinthu zina.

(4) M'mimba mwake komanso pakakhala kupanikizika kochepa, monga kukonza zimbudzi ndi ntchito zamadzi.

(5) Malo oyikapo: Sankhani valavu yobisika ya chipata cha stem wedge ngati kutalika kwa malo oyikapo kuli kochepa; sankhani valavu yowonekera ya chipata cha stem wedge ngati sichoncho.

(6) Ma valve a chipata cha wedge amagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati atsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa kwathunthu; sangasinthidwe kapena kukakamizidwa.

Zolakwika ndi Zokonza Zofala

Mavuto a ma valve a chipata ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Mavuto otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amabuka valavu ya chipata ikagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha kutentha kwapakati, kupanikizika, dzimbiri, ndi kuyenda kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana.

(1) Kutaya: Kutaya kwakunja ndi kutaya kwamkati ndi magulu awiriwa. Kutaya kwakunja ndi mawu oti kutaya kunja kwa valavu, ndipo kutaya kwakunja kumawonekera nthawi zambiri m'mabokosi odzaza ndi maulumikizidwe a flange.

Chiwalo chopakira ndi chomasuka; pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu pakokedwa; mtundu kapena khalidwe la stuffing silikukwaniritsa miyezo; stuffing ikukalamba kapena tsinde la valavu lawonongeka.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zingayambitse kutuluka kwa madzi pa maulumikizidwe a flange: kusakwanira kwa gasket kapena kukula kwake; kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa flange sealing surface; mabolts olumikizira osakhazikika bwino; mapaipi osakonzedwa bwino; ndi katundu wowonjezera wopangidwa pa maulumikizidwe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka kwa mkati mwa valavu ndi izi: Kutuluka kwa mkati komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa valavu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba pa valavu kapena muzu wofooka wa mphete yotsekera.

(1) Thupi la valavu, bonnet, tsinde la valavu, ndi pamwamba pa flange nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolinga za dzimbiri. Kachitidwe ka medium ndi ma ion omwe amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku ma filler ndi ma gaskets ndiye zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa dzimbiri.

(2) Kukanda: Kukanda kapena kukanda kwa pamwamba komwe kumachitika pamene mpando wa valavu ndi chipata zikusuntha mogwirizana pamene zikukhudzana.

Kukonza mavavu a chipata

(1) Kukonza kutuluka kwa valavu yakunja

Pofuna kupewa kuti chiwalocho chisapendeke ndikusiya mpata woti chigwirizane, mabotolo a chiwalocho ayenera kukhala olinganizidwa asanakanikizire chikwamacho. Pofuna kupewa kusokoneza kuzungulira kwa chiwalo cha valavu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikwamacho chiziwonongeka mwachangu, ndikufupikitsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya chikwamacho, chiwalo cha valavu chiyenera kuzunguliridwa pamene chikukanikiza chikwamacho kuti chikwamacho chikhale chofanana ndikuletsa kupanikizika kuti chisamangidwe kwambiri. Pamwamba pa chiwalo cha valavu chimakanda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chosavuta kutuluka. Musanagwiritse ntchito, chiwalo cha valavu chiyenera kukonzedwa kuti muchotse mikwingwirima pamwamba pake.

Ngati gasket yawonongeka, iyenera kusinthidwa. Ngati zinthu za gasket sizinasankhidwe bwino, chinthu chomwe chingakwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito chiyenera kusankhidwa. Ngati khalidwe la pamwamba pa flange sealing ndi lochepa, pamwamba pake payenera kuchotsedwa ndikukonzedwa. Mpaka itakwanira, pamwamba pa flange sealing imakonzedwanso.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbitsa bwino flange bolt, kupanga mapaipi koyenera, komanso kupewa kupsinjika kwambiri pa kulumikizana kwa flange kumathandizanso popewa kutuluka kwa kulumikizidwa kwa flange.

(2) Kukonza valavu yamkati yomwe ikutuluka

Mphete yotsekera ikamangiriridwa pa mbale ya valavu kapena mpando mwa kukanikiza kapena kuyika ulusi, kukonza kutayikira kwamkati kumafuna kuchotsa pamwamba potsekera komwe kwawonongeka ndi muzu wotayirira wa mphete yotsekera. Palibe vuto ndi muzu wotayirira kapena kutayikira ngati pamwamba potsekerapo pakonzedwa nthawi yomweyo pa thupi la valavu ndi mbale ya valavu.

Ngati malo otsekera akonzedwa mwachindunji pa thupi la valavu ndipo malo otsekera awonongeka kwambiri, malo otsekera omwe awonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa kaye. Ngati malo otsekera apangidwa ndi mphete yotsekera, mphete yakale iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mphete yatsopano yotsekera iyenera kuperekedwa. Mphete yatsopano yotsekera iyenera kuchotsedwa, kenako malo okonzedwawo ayenera kuphwanyidwa kukhala malo atsopano otsekera. Kupera kumatha kuchotsa zolakwika pamalo otsekera omwe ndi osakwana 0.05mm kukula, kuphatikizapo mikwingwirima, ziphuphu, kuphwanya, mabowo, ndi zolakwika zina.

Muzu wa mphete yotsekera ndi komwe kumayambira kutuluka kwa madzi. Tepi ya tetrafluoroethylene kapena utoto woyera wokhuthala uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpando wa valavu kapena pansi pa mzere wa mphete yotsekera ukakhazikika pokanikiza. Mphete yotsekera ikalumikizidwa ndi ulusi, tepi ya PTFE kapena utoto woyera wokhuthala uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa ulusi kuti madzi asatuluke pakati pa ulusi.

(3) Kukonza ma valve onyeka

Tsinde la valavu nthawi zambiri limabowoledwa, koma thupi la valavu ndi bonnet nthawi zambiri zimabowoledwa mofanana. Zinthu zowononga ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanakonze. Ngati tsinde la valavu lili ndi mabowo obowoledwa, liyenera kupangidwa ndi makina ochapira kuti lichotse malo obowoledwawo kenako nkudzazidwe ndi chinthu chomwe chidzatuluka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Kapenanso, chodzazacho chiyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi osungunuka kuti muchotse chodzaza chilichonse chomwe chingawononge tsinde la valavu.

(4) Kukhudza ma dings pamwamba pa chotseka

Yesetsani kupewa kukanda pamwamba pa chotsekera pogwiritsa ntchito valavu, ndipo samalani kuti musatseke ndi mphamvu yambiri. Kupera kumatha kuchotsa mikwingwirima pamwamba pa chotsekera.

Kufufuza ma valve anayi a chipata

Ma valve achitsulo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamsika ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Muyenera kudziwa bwino kuwunika khalidwe la chinthu komanso chinthucho kuti mukhale wofufuza bwino khalidwe la chinthucho.

zinthu zowunikira ma valve a chipata chachitsulo

Zizindikiro, makulidwe a khoma osachepera, mayeso a kuthamanga, mayeso a chipolopolo, ndi zina zotero ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Kukhuthala kwa khoma, kuthamanga, ndi mayeso a chipolopolo ndi zina mwa izo ndipo ndi zinthu zofunika kuziyang'anira. Zinthu zosayenerera zitha kuyesedwa mwachindunji ngati pali zinthu zosayenerera.

Mwachidule, n’zosachita kufunsa kuti kuwunika khalidwe la chinthu ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwunika kwathunthu kwa chinthucho. Pokhapokha ngati titamvetsetsa bwino zinthu zomwe zawunikidwa, tingathe kuchita bwino kwambiri pakuwunika. Monga ogwira ntchito oyang’anira kutsogolo, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse tiwongolere khalidwe lathu.