1. Chiyambi cha ma valve a chipata

1.1. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi ntchito ya ma valve a chipata:

Ma valve a pachipata ali m'gulu la ma valve odulidwa, nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamapaipi okhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 100mm, kuti idule kapena kulumikiza kuyenda kwa media mu chitoliro. Chifukwa diski ya valve ili mumtundu wa chipata, nthawi zambiri imatchedwa valavu ya chipata. Ma valve a chipata ali ndi ubwino wosinthana kopulumutsa ntchito komanso kukana kuyenda kochepa. Komabe, pamwamba pa kutseka kumakhala kovuta kuwonongeka ndi kutuluka, kutseguka kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kukonza kumakhala kovuta. Ma valve a chipata sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma valve owongolera ndipo ayenera kukhala pamalo otseguka kwathunthu kapena otsekedwa kwathunthu. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi iyi: pamene valavu ya chipata yatsekedwa, tsinde la valve limatsika pansi ndipo limadalira pamwamba pa kutseka kwa valve ya chipata ndi pamwamba pa kutseka mpando wa valve kuti zikhale zosalala kwambiri, zathyathyathya komanso zogwirizana, zogwirizana kuti zisayende bwino, ndikudalira wedge yapamwamba kuti iwonjezere mphamvu yotseka. Chidutswa chake chotseka chimayenda molunjika pamzere wapakati. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve a chipata, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ya wedge ndi mitundu yofanana malinga ndi mtunduwo. Mtundu uliwonse umagawidwa m'magulu a chipata chimodzi ndi chipata chachiwiri.

1.2 Kapangidwe kake:

Thupi la valavu ya chipata limagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe odzitsekera lokha. Njira yolumikizira pakati pa chivundikiro cha valavu ndi thupi la valavu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika kwapakati pa cholumikizira mu valavu kuti muchepetse cholumikizira kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chotseka. Cholumikizira cholumikizira cha valavu ya chipata chimatsekedwa ndi cholumikizira cha asbestos champhamvu chokhala ndi waya wamkuwa.

Kapangidwe ka valavu ya chipata kamakhala ndithupi la valavu, chivundikiro cha valavu, chimango, tsinde la valavu, ma diski a valavu akumanzere ndi akumanja, chipangizo chosindikizira zonyamula, ndi zina zotero.

Zinthu za thupi la valavu zimagawidwa m'zitsulo za kaboni ndi zitsulo za aloyi kutengera kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa payipi. Kawirikawiri, thupi la valavu limapangidwa ndi zinthu za aloyi za mavalavu omwe amaikidwa mu makina a nthunzi otentha kwambiri, t ＞ 450℃ kapena kupitirira apo, monga mavalavu otulutsa utsi a boiler. Pa mavalavu omwe amaikidwa mumakina operekera madzi kapena mapaipi okhala ndi kutentha kwapakati t ≤ 450℃, zinthu za thupi la valavu zimatha kukhala zitsulo za kaboni.

Ma valve a chipata nthawi zambiri amaikidwa m'mapaipi amadzi a nthunzi okhala ndi DN≥100 mm. Ma diameter a ma valve a chipata mu boiler ya WGZ1045/17.5-1 mu Zhangshan Phase I ndi DN300, DNl25 ndi DNl00.

2. Njira yokonza ma valve a chipata

2.1 Kuchotsa ma valavu:

2.1.1 Chotsani mabotolo omangira a chimango chapamwamba cha chivundikiro cha valavu, tsegulani nati za mabotolo anayi pa chivundikiro cha valavu yokweza, tembenuzani nati ya tsinde la valavu motsutsa wotchi kuti mulekanitse chimango cha valavu ndi thupi la valavu, kenako gwiritsani ntchito chida chonyamulira kuti munyamule chimangocho pansi ndikuchiyika pamalo oyenera. Malo a nati ya tsinde la valavu ayenera kuchotsedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa.

2.1.2 Tulutsani mphete yosungiramo zinthu pa mphete yotsekera mbali zinayi ya thupi la valavu, kanikizani chivundikiro cha valavu pansi ndi chida chapadera kuti mupange mpata pakati pa chivundikiro cha valavu ndi mphete ya mbali zinayi. Kenako tulutsani mphete ya mbali zinayi m'magawo. Pomaliza, gwiritsani ntchito chida chonyamulira kunyamula chivundikiro cha valavu pamodzi ndi tsinde la valavu ndi diski ya valavu kuchokera m'thupi la valavu. Ikani pamalo okonzera, ndipo samalani kuti musawononge pamwamba pa cholumikizira cha valavu.

2.1.3 Tsukani mkati mwa thupi la valavu, yang'anani momwe malo olumikizirana ndi mpando wa valavu alili, ndikusankha njira yosamalira. Phimbani valavu yosweka ndi chivundikiro chapadera kapena chivundikiro, ndikumata chisindikizocho.

2.1.4 Masulani mabotolo a hinge a bokosi lodzaza pa chivundikiro cha valavu. Chogwirira chopakiracho chamasuka, ndipo tsinde la valavu lagwetsedwa pansi.

2.1.5 Chotsani ma clamp apamwamba ndi apansi a chimango cha valavu, zichotseni, chotsani ma valavu akumanzere ndi akumanja, ndikusunga pamwamba ndi ma gasket amkati. Yesani makulidwe onse a gasket ndikupanga zolemba.

2.2 Kukonza zigawo za ma valavu:

2.2.1 Malo olumikizirana a mpando wa valavu ya chipata ayenera kuphwanyidwa ndi chida chapadera choperera (mfuti yopera, ndi zina zotero). Kupera kungachitike ndi mchenga wopera kapena nsalu ya emery. Njirayi imayamba kuyambira yopyapyala mpaka yopyapyala, kenako nkupukuta.

2.2.2 Malo olumikizirana a diski ya valavu akhoza kuphwanyidwa ndi manja kapena ndi makina opukutira. Ngati pali mabowo akuya kapena mipata pamwamba pake, ikhoza kutumizidwa ku lathe kapena grinder kuti ikonzedwe pang'ono, ndikupukutidwa ikatha kusinthidwa.

2.2.3 Tsukani chivundikiro cha valavu ndi kutseka chivundikirocho, chotsani dzimbiri pa makoma amkati ndi akunja a mphete yokakamiza yopakira, kuti mphete yokakamiza ilowetsedwe bwino kumtunda kwa chivundikiro cha valavu, chomwe chili chosavuta kukanikiza chotseka chivundikirocho.

2.2.4 Tsukani cholongedzacho mu bokosi lodzaza tsinde la valve, yang'anani ngati mphete yamkati ya mpando wolongedza ili bwino, malo pakati pa dzenje lamkati ndi tsinde ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo mphete yakunja ndi khoma lamkati la bokosi lodzaza siziyenera kumamatira.

2.2.5 Tsukani dzimbiri pa gland yopakira ndi mbale yopanikizira, ndipo pamwamba pake pakhale poyera komanso pabwino. Mpata pakati pa dzenje lamkati la gland ndi tsinde uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo khoma lakunja ndi bokosi lodzaza zinthu zisamatirire, apo ayi ziyenera kukonzedwa.

2.2.6 Masulani boluti ya hinge, onetsetsani kuti gawo lokhala ndi ulusi silinawonongeke ndipo nati yatha. Mutha kuitembenuza pang'ono ku muzu wa boluti ndi dzanja, ndipo pini iyenera kuzungulira mosinthasintha.

2.2.7 Tsukani dzimbiri pamwamba pa tsinde la valavu, yang'anani ngati likupindika, ndipo liwongolereni ngati pakufunika kutero. Gawo la ulusi wa trapezoidal liyenera kukhala lopanda ulusi wosweka ndi kuwonongeka, ndipo ikani ufa wa lead mukamaliza kutsuka.

2.2.8 Tsukani mphete ya anayi mu imodzi, ndipo pamwamba pake pakhale posalala. Pasakhale ma burrs kapena ma curling pa bolodi.

2.2.9 Bolodi iliyonse yomangira iyenera kutsukidwa, nati iyenera kukhala yokwanira komanso yosinthasintha, ndipo gawo lokhala ndi ulusi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi ufa wa lead.

2.2.10 Tsukani mtedza wa tsinde ndi chogwirira chamkati:

① Chotsani zomangira zomangira za nati yomangira tsinde ndi chogwirira, ndipo tsegulani m'mphepete mwa sikuru yomangira motsutsa wotchi.

② Tulutsani tsinde la mtedza, chotengera, ndi chitoliro cha disc, ndikuzitsuka ndi mafuta a palafini. Onani ngati chotengeracho chikuzungulira mosinthasintha komanso ngati chitoliro cha disc chili ndi ming'alu.

③ Tsukani mtedza wa tsinde, yang'anani ngati ulusi wamkati wa makwerero a bushing uli bwino, ndipo zomangira zomangira zomwe zili ndi nyumbayo ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zodalirika. Kuwonongeka kwa bushing kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, apo ayi kuyenera kusinthidwa.

④ Ikani batala pa bearing ndikuyiyika mu stem nati. Konzani disc spring ngati pakufunika ndikuyiyikanso motsatizana. Pomaliza, ikani ndi locking nati ndikuyikonza mwamphamvu ndi zomangira.

2.3 Kusonkhanitsa valavu ya chipata:

2.3.1 Ikani ma diski a valavu akumanzere ndi akumanja omwe aphwanyidwa ku mphete ya clamp ya tsinde la valavu ndikumangirira ndi ma clamp apamwamba ndi apansi. Ma Universal top ndi ma adjusting gaskets ayenera kuyikidwa mkati malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.

2.3.2 Ikani tsinde la valavu ndi diski ya valavu mu mpando wa valavu kuti muyesedwe. Pambuyo poti diski ya valavu ndi pamwamba pa mpando wa valavu zakhudzana kwathunthu, pamwamba pa diski ya valavu payenera kukhala pamwamba kuposa pamwamba pa mpando wa valavu ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za khalidwe. Kupanda kutero, makulidwe a gasket pamwamba pa chilengedwe chonse ayenera kusinthidwa mpaka atakwanira, ndipo gasket yoyimitsa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuitseka kuti isagwe.

2.3.3 Tsukani thupi la valavu, pukutani mpando wa valavu ndi diski ya valavu. Kenako ikani tsinde la valavu ndi diski ya valavu mu mpando wa valavu ndikuyika chivundikiro cha valavu.

2.3.4 Ikani zomangira zotsekera pa gawo lodzitsekera la chivundikiro cha valavu ngati pakufunika. Mafotokozedwe a zomangira ndi kuchuluka kwa mphete ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya khalidwe. Gawo lapamwamba la zomangira limakanizidwa ndi mphete yokakamiza ndipo pamapeto pake limatsekedwa ndi mbale yophimba.

2.3.5 Sakanizaninso mphete zinayi m'zigawo, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mphete yosungira kuti isagwe, ndipo mangani nati ya boluti yokweza chivundikiro cha valavu.

2.3.6 Dzazani bokosi lodzaza tsinde la valve ndi zomangira ngati pakufunika, ikani gland ya zinthu ndi mbale yokakamiza, ndikuyimangitsa ndi zomangira za hinge.

2.3.7 Konzaninso chimango cha chivundikiro cha valavu, tembenuzani nati ya pamwamba ya valavu kuti chimangocho chigwere pa thupi la valavu, ndipo chimangeni ndi mabotolo olumikizira kuti chisagwe.

2.3.8 Konzaninso chipangizo choyendetsera magetsi cha valavu; screw ya pamwamba ya gawo lolumikizira iyenera kumangidwa kuti isagwe, ndipo yesani pamanja ngati switch ya valavuyo ndi yosinthasintha.

2.3.9 Dzina la valavu ndi lomveka bwino, lopanda vuto lililonse komanso lolondola. Zolemba zosamalira ndi zathunthu komanso zomveka bwino; ndipo zavomerezedwa ndipo zavomerezedwa.

2.3.10 Kuteteza mapaipi ndi ma valve kwatha, ndipo malo okonzera ndi oyera.

3. Miyezo ya khalidwe la kukonza mavavu pachipata

3.1 Thupi la valavu:

3.1.1 Thupi la valavu liyenera kukhala lopanda zilema monga mabowo amchenga, ming'alu ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka, ndipo liyenera kusamalidwa nthawi ikadzapezeka.

3.1.2 Sipayenera kukhala zinyalala m'thupi la valavu ndi paipi, ndipo malo olowera ndi otulutsira mpweya sayenera kutsekedwa.

3.1.3 Pulagi yomwe ili pansi pa thupi la valavu iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti imamangiriridwa bwino komanso kuti palibe kutuluka kwa madzi.

3.2 Chitsinde cha valavu:

3.2.1 Mlingo wopindika wa tsinde la valavu suyenera kupitirira 1/1000 ya kutalika konse, apo ayi uyenera kuwongoledwa kapena kusinthidwa.

3.2.2 Gawo la ulusi wa trapezoidal la tsinde la valavu liyenera kukhala lopanda zilema monga ma buckle osweka ndi ma buckle oluma, ndipo kusweka sikuyenera kupitirira 1/3 ya makulidwe a ulusi wa trapezoidal.

3.2.3 Pamwamba pake payenera kukhala posalala komanso opanda dzimbiri. Pasakhale dzimbiri losweka komanso kugawanika kwa pamwamba pa gawo lolumikizana ndi chisindikizo chopakira. Kuzama kwa dzimbiri kofanana ndi ≥0.25 mm kuyenera kusinthidwa. Kumaliza kuyenera kutsimikizika kuti kuli pamwamba pa ▽6.

3.2.4 Ulusi wolumikizira uyenera kukhala wosagwedezeka ndipo pini iyenera kukhazikika bwino.

3.2.5 Kuphatikiza kwa ndodo yodulira ndi mtedza wa ndodo yodulira kuyenera kukhala kosinthasintha, popanda kutsekeka panthawi yonse yogwira, ndipo ulusiwo uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi ufa wa lead kuti ukhale wothira mafuta ndi kuteteza.

3.3 Chisindikizo cha phukusi:

3.3.1 Kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa kulongedza zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za valavu. Chogulitsacho chiyenera kutsagana ndi satifiketi yosonyeza kuti chikugwirizana ndi zomwe zanenedwa kapena kuyesedwa ndi kudziwika kofunikira.

3.3.2 Mafotokozedwe a kulongedza ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukula kwa bokosi lotsekera. Mapaketi omwe ndi akulu kwambiri kapena ang'onoang'ono kwambiri sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake. Kutalika kwa kulongedza kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukula kwa valavu, ndipo malire omangira kutentha ayenera kusiyidwa.

3.3.3 Cholumikizira chopakira chiyenera kudulidwa kukhala mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi ngodya ya 45°. Zolumikizira za bwalo lililonse ziyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi 90°-180°. Kutalika kwa cholumikizira pambuyo podula kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Sipayenera kukhala mpata kapena kuphatikizika pa cholumikiziracho chikayikidwa m'bokosi lopakira.

3.3.4 Mphete ya mpando wopakira ndi chipolopolo chopakira ziyenera kukhala zoyera komanso zopanda dzimbiri. Bokosi lodzaza liyenera kukhala loyera komanso losalala. Mpata pakati pa ndodo ya chipata ndi mphete ya mpando uyenera kukhala 0.1-0.3 mm, ndipo mtunda wake usapitirire 0.5 mm. Mpata pakati pa chipolopolo chopakira, mphepete mwakunja kwa mphete ya mpando ndi khoma lamkati la bokosi lodzaza uyenera kukhala 0.2-0.3 mm, ndipo mtunda wake usapitirire 0.5 mm.

3.3.5 Mabotolo a hinge atamangitsidwa, mbale yolimbikitsira iyenera kukhala yosalala ndipo mphamvu yomangira iyenera kukhala yofanana. Bowo lamkati la gland yopakira ndi malo ozungulira tsinde la valavu ziyenera kukhala zofanana. Gland yopakira iyenera kukankhidwira mu chipinda chopakira mpaka 1/3 ya kutalika kwake.

3.4 Malo otsekera:

3.4.1 Malo otsekera a diski ya valavu ndi mpando wa valavu pambuyo powunika ayenera kukhala opanda madontho ndi mipata, ndipo gawo lolumikizirana liyenera kukhala loposa 2/3 ya m'lifupi mwa diski ya valavu, ndipo mapeto ake ayenera kufika ▽10 kapena kuposerapo.

3.4.2 Mukasonkhanitsa diski ya valve yoyesera, pakati pa valve payenera kukhala patali ndi 5-7 mm kuposa mpando wa valve pambuyo poti diski ya valve yalowetsedwa mu mpando wa valve kuti zitsimikizire kuti yatsekedwa bwino.

3.4.3 Mukalumikiza ma diski a valavu akumanzere ndi akumanja, chodzikonzera chokha chiyenera kukhala chosinthasintha, ndipo chipangizo choletsa kugwa chiyenera kukhala cholimba komanso chodalirika. 3.5 Nati ya tsinde:

3.5.1 Ulusi wamkati wa bushing uyenera kukhala wosasweka, wopanda ma buckles osweka kapena osasunthika, ndipo kukhazikika ndi chipolopolocho kuyenera kukhala kodalirika komanso kosamasuka.

3.5.2 Zigawo zonse za bearing ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika komanso zozungulira mosinthasintha. Siziyenera kukhala ndi ming'alu, dzimbiri, khungu lolemera ndi zolakwika zina pamwamba pa manja amkati ndi akunja ndi mipira yachitsulo.

3.5.3 Kasupe wa diski uyenera kukhala wopanda ming'alu ndi kusintha, apo ayi uyenera kusinthidwa. 3.5.4 Zomangira zomangira pamwamba pa nati yotseka siziyenera kumasuka. Nati ya tsinde la valavu imazungulira mosinthasintha ndipo imaonetsetsa kuti pali malo ozungulira osapitirira 0.35 mm.