1. Chiyambi cha mavavu a zipata

1.1. Mfundo yogwira ntchito ndi ntchito ya ma valve a gate:

Mavavu a zipata ali m'gulu la ma valve odulidwa, nthawi zambiri anaika pa mapaipi ndi m'mimba mwake kuposa 100mm, kudula kapena kulumikiza otaya TV mu chitoliro. Chifukwa diski ya valve ili mumtundu wa chipata, nthawi zambiri imatchedwa valve valve. Ma valve a zipata ali ndi ubwino wa kusintha kwa ntchito yopulumutsa komanso kutsika kochepa. Komabe, malo osindikizira amatha kuvala komanso kutayikira, stroko yotsegulira ndi yayikulu, ndipo kukonza kumakhala kovuta. Ma valve a zipata sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ma valve owongolera ndipo ayenera kukhala otseguka kapena otsekedwa kwathunthu. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi: pamene valavu yachipata yatsekedwa, tsinde la valve limasunthira pansi ndikudalira pamwamba pa chipata chosindikizira cha valve ndi pamwamba pa mpando wa valve kuti ukhale wosalala kwambiri, wosasunthika komanso wosasinthasintha, wogwirizana wina ndi mzake kuti ateteze kutuluka kwa media, ndikudalira mphero yapamwamba kuti muwonjezere kusindikiza. Chidutswa chake chotseka chimayenda molunjika pamzere wapakati. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve a pachipata, omwe amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wa wedge ndi mtundu wofananira malinga ndi mtundu. Mtundu uliwonse umagawidwa kukhala chipata chimodzi ndi zipata ziwiri.

1.2 Kapangidwe:

Thupi la valve pachipata limatenga mawonekedwe odzisindikiza okha. Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa chivundikiro cha valve ndi thupi la valavu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwapakati kwa sing'anga mu valavu kukakamiza kusindikiza kusindikiza kuti akwaniritse cholinga chosindikiza. Kuyika kwa valavu yachipata kumasindikizidwa ndi asibesitosi wothamanga kwambiri ndi waya wamkuwa.

Mapangidwe a valve pachipata amapangidwa makamaka ndithupi la valavu, chivundikiro cha valve, chimango, tsinde la valavu, ma discs a valve kumanzere ndi kumanja, chipangizo chosindikizira, etc.

The vavu thupi zakuthupi amagawidwa mu carbon zitsulo ndi aloyi zitsulo malinga ndi kuthamanga ndi kutentha kwa sing'anga payipi. Nthawi zambiri, thupi la mavavu limapangidwa ndi zinthu za alloy za mavavu omwe amaikidwa m'makina otentha kwambiri, t'450 ℃ kapena pamwamba, monga ma valve otulutsa mpweya. Kwa mavavu omwe amaikidwa m'machitidwe operekera madzi kapena mapaipi okhala ndi kutentha kwapakati t≤450 ℃, mavavu a thupi akhoza kukhala chitsulo cha carbon.

Mavavu a pachipata nthawi zambiri amayikidwa m'mapaipi amadzi a nthunzi ndi DN≥100 mm. Ma diameter odziwika a ma valve pachipata mu boiler ya WGZ1045/17.5-1 ku Zhangshan Phase I ndi DN300, DNl25 ndi DNl00.

2. Njira yokonza ma valve pachipata

2.1 Kusintha kwa ma valve:

2.1.1 Chotsani ma bolts a chimango chapamwamba cha chivundikiro cha valve, masulani mtedza wa ma bolt anayi pa chivundikiro cha valve yokweza, tembenuzirani nthiti ya valve pambali pambali kuti mulekanitse chimango cha valve ku thupi la valve, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito kukweza. chida chokweza chimango pansi ndikuchiyika pamalo abwino. Malo a mtedza wa valavu ayenera kupatulidwa ndikuwunikiridwa.

2.1.2 Tulutsani mphete yotsekera pa valavu yosindikiza mphete ya njira zinayi, kanikizani chophimba cha valve pansi ndi chida chapadera kuti mupange kusiyana pakati pa chivundikiro cha valve ndi mphete ya njira zinayi. Kenako tulutsani mphete yanjira zinayi m'magawo. Pomaliza, gwiritsani ntchito chida chonyamulira kuti mukweze chivundikiro cha valavu pamodzi ndi tsinde la valavu ndi disiki ya valve kunja kwa thupi. Ikani pamalo okonzera, ndipo samalani kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa valve disc joint surface.

2.1.3 Yeretsani mkati mwa thupi la valavu, yang'anani momwe mpando wa valve ulili, ndipo fufuzani njira yokonzera. Phimbani valavu yowonongeka ndi chivundikiro chapadera kapena chivundikiro, ndikuyika chisindikizocho.

2.1.4 Masulani mabawuti a hinji a bokosi loyika pa chivundikiro cha valve. Mphuno yonyamula katunduyo imakhala yotayirira, ndipo tsinde la valve limaphwanyidwa.

2.1.5 Chotsani zikhomo zam'mwamba ndi zam'munsi za chimango cha valavu, masulani, chotsani ma valve kumanzere ndi kumanja, ndikusunga pamwamba pa chilengedwe chonse ndi ma gaskets. Yezerani makulidwe onse a gasket ndikulemba mbiri.

2.2 Kukonza zigawo za valve:

2.2.1 Malo ogwirizana a mpando wa valve pachipata ayenera kukhala pansi ndi chida chapadera chopera (mfuti yopera, etc.). Kupera kumatha kupangidwa ndi mchenga kapena nsalu ya emery. Njirayi imakhalanso kuchokera ku coarse kupita ku yabwino, ndipo potsiriza kupukuta.

2.2.2 Pamwamba pa diski ya valve ikhoza kugwedezeka ndi manja kapena makina opera. Ngati pali maenje akuya kapena ma grooves pamwamba, amatha kutumizidwa ku lathe kapena chopukusira kwa micro-processing, ndikupukutidwa pambuyo pake.

2.2.3 Sambani chivundikiro cha valve ndi kusindikiza kusindikiza, chotsani dzimbiri pamakoma amkati ndi akunja a mphete yosindikizira, kuti mphete yoponderezedwa ilowetsedwe bwino kumtunda kwa chivundikiro cha valve, chomwe chiri chosavuta kukanikiza. kusindikiza kusindikiza.

2.2.4 Tsukani zolongedza mu bokosi lodzaza tsinde la valavu, fufuzani ngati mphete yamkati yonyamula mpando ilibe, chilolezo pakati pa dzenje lamkati ndi tsinde chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndi mphete yakunja ndi khoma lamkati la bokosi loyikapo liyenera kukhala. osakhala okakamira.

2.2.5 Tsukani dzimbiri pa packing gland ndi mbale ya pressure, ndipo pamwamba payenera kukhala paukhondo ndi bwino. Chilolezo pakati pa dzenje lamkati la chithokomiro ndi tsinde liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo khoma lakunja ndi bokosi loyikapo siliyenera kukhazikika, apo ayi liyenera kukonzedwa.

2.2.6 Masulani bawuti ya hinge, fufuzani kuti gawo la ulusi liyenera kukhala lolimba ndipo mtedza watha. Mutha kuyitembenuza pang'onopang'ono ku muzu wa bawuti ndi dzanja, ndipo piniyo iyenera kuzungulira mosinthika.

2.2.7 Tsukani dzimbiri pamwamba pa tsinde la valve, fufuzani ngati mukupindika, ndipo muwongole ngati kuli kofunikira. Gawo la ulusi wa trapezoidal liyenera kukhala losasunthika, lopanda ulusi wosweka ndi kuwonongeka, ndikuthira ufa wotsogolera pambuyo poyeretsa.

2.2.8 Tsukani mphete zinayi-mu-imodzi, ndipo pamwamba payenera kukhala yosalala. Sipayenera kukhala ma burrs kapena kupindika pa ndege.

2.2.9 Boloti iliyonse yomangirira iyenera kutsukidwa, mtedza ukhale wokwanira komanso wosinthasintha, ndipo gawo la ulusi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi ufa wotsogolera.

2.2.10 Tsukani mtedza wa tsinde ndi kubereka kwamkati:

① Chotsani zomangira za nati wokhoma tsinde ndi nyumba, ndipo masulani nsonga zokhoma motsata wotchi.

② Chotsani tsinde nati, zobereka, ndi disc spring, ndi kutsuka ndi palafini. Yang'anani ngati chimbalangondo chimayenda mosinthasintha komanso ngati kasupe wa disc ali ndi ming'alu.

③ Tsukani mtedza wa tsinde, fufuzani ngati ulusi wa makwerero wamkati ulibe, ndipo zomangira zomwe zili ndi nyumbayo ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zodalirika. Zovala za bushing ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, apo ayi ziyenera kusinthidwa.

④ Pakani batala pa bere ndikuyiyika mu mtedza wa tsinde. Sonkhanitsani kasupe wa disc ngati mukufunikira ndikuyiyikanso motsatira. Pomaliza, tsekani ndi mtedza wokhoma ndikuukonza molimba ndi zomangira.

2.3 Kuphatikizika kwa valve pachipata:

2.3.1 Ikani ma valavu kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa ma valavu omwe ayikidwa pa mphete ya tsinde ya valavu ndikuyikonza ndi zotsekera kumtunda ndi kumunsi. Ma gaskets apamwamba komanso osinthika ayenera kuyikidwa mkati molingana ndi momwe amayendera.

2.3.2 Lowetsani tsinde la valavu ndi disiki ya valavu mumpando wa valavu kuti muyesedwe. Pambuyo pa diski ya valve ndi malo osindikizira mpando wa valve alumikizana kwathunthu, malo osindikizira a valve ayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa malo osindikizira mpando wa valve ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira. Apo ayi, makulidwe a gasket pamwamba pa chilengedwe chonse ayenera kusinthidwa mpaka ali oyenera, ndipo choyimitsa gasket chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti chisindikize kuti chisagwe.

2.3.3 Yeretsani thupi la valavu, pukutani mpando wa valve ndi disc valve. Kenako ikani tsinde la valve ndi chimbale cha valve pampando wa valve ndikuyika chophimba cha valve.

2.3.4 Ikani zosindikizira pagawo lodzisindikizira la chivundikiro cha valve ngati pakufunika. Zolemba zonyamula ndi kuchuluka kwa mphete ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba. Mbali yapamwamba ya kulongedza imapanikizidwa ndi mphete yokakamiza ndipo potsiriza imatsekedwa ndi mbale yophimba.

2.3.5 Sonkhanitsaninso mphete zinayi m'zigawo, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mphete yosungira kuti zisagwe, ndikumangitsani mtedza wa bawuti yonyamulira chivundikiro cha valve.

2.3.6 Dzazani tsinde la valve yosindikizira ndi kulongedza momwe mungafunikire, ikani chithokomiro ndi mbale yosindikizira, ndikumangitsani ndi zomangira za hinge.

2.3.7 Sonkhanitsaninso chimango chovundikira valavu, tembenuzani nthiti ya valavu yakumtunda kuti chimango chigwere pa thupi la valavu, ndipo mumangitseni ndi mabawuti olumikizira kuti zisagwe.

2.3.8 Kumanganso chipangizo chamagetsi cha valve; wononga pamwamba pa gawo lolumikizira liyenera kumangidwa kuti lisagwe, ndikuyesa pamanja ngati chosinthira valavu chimatha kusintha.

2.3.9 Dzina la valve ndi lomveka bwino, losasunthika komanso lolondola. Zolemba zokonza ndizokwanira komanso zomveka; ndipo alandiridwa ndi kuyeneretsedwa.

2.3.10 Kutsekera kwa mapaipi ndi ma valve zatha, ndipo malo okonzera ndi aukhondo.

3. Miyezo ya khalidwe losamalira vavu pachipata

3.1 Mphamvu yamagetsi:

3.1.1 Thupi la ma valve liyenera kukhala lopanda chilema monga mabowo amchenga, ming'alu ndi kukokoloka, ndipo liyenera kusamaliridwa pakapita nthawi.

3.1.2 Pasakhale zinyalala m'thupi la valve ndi payipi, ndipo polowera ndi potuluka zizikhala zosatsekeka.

3.1.3 Pulagi pansi pa thupi la valve iyenera kutsimikizira kusindikiza kodalirika komanso kusataya.

3.2 Mtundu wa valve:

3.2.1 Digiri yopindika ya tsinde la valve siyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa 1/1000 ya kutalika konse, apo ayi iyenera kuwongoleredwa kapena kusinthidwa.

3.2.2 Gawo la ulusi wa trapezoidal la tsinde la valve liyenera kukhala losasunthika, lopanda zilema monga zingwe zosweka ndi zingwe zoluma, ndipo kuvala sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 1/3 ya makulidwe a ulusi wa trapezoidal.

3.2.3 Pamwamba payenera kukhala yosalala komanso yopanda dzimbiri. Pasakhale dzimbiri ndi delamination pamwamba pa gawo lolumikizana ndi chosindikizira chosindikizira. Kuzama kwa dzimbiri kofananako kwa ≥0.25 mm kuyenera kusinthidwa. Kumaliza kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kukhala pamwamba ▽6.

3.2.4 Ulusi wolumikiza uyenera kukhala wosasunthika ndipo pini iyenera kukhazikitsidwa modalirika.

3.2.5 Kuphatikizika kwa ndodo yodulira ndi mtedza wodulira kuyenera kukhala kosinthasintha, popanda kupanikizana panthawi yonse ya sitiroko, ndipo ulusiwo uzikhala wokutidwa ndi ufa wodulira kuti ukhale wothira mafuta ndi kuteteza.

3.3 Chisindikizo chonyamula:

3.3.1 Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za sing'anga ya valve. Chogulitsacho chiyenera kutsagana ndi satifiketi yofananira kapena kuyesedwa kofunikira ndikuzindikiritsa.

3.3.2 Zolembazo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukula kwa bokosi losindikizira. Zonyamula zazikulu kapena zazing'ono siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake. Kutalika kwapang'onopang'ono kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kukula kwa valve, ndipo malire omangirira amayenera kusiyidwa.

3.3.3 Mawonekedwe onyamula ayenera kudulidwa mu mawonekedwe oblique ndi ngodya ya 45 °. Kulumikizana kwa bwalo lililonse kuyenera kugwedezeka ndi 90 ° -180 °. Kutalika kwa kulongedza pambuyo pa kudula kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Sipayenera kukhala kusiyana kapena kuphatikizika pamawonekedwe akayikidwa mubokosi lonyamula.

3.3.4 Mphete yapampando ndi zonyamula katundu ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika komanso zopanda dzimbiri. Bokosi loyikapo liyenera kukhala loyera komanso losalala. Kusiyana pakati pa ndodo ya chipata ndi mphete ya mpando kuyenera kukhala 0.1-0.3 mm, ndi pazipita zosaposa 0.5 mm. Kusiyana pakati pa chithokomiro chonyamula, periphery yakunja ya mphete ya mpando ndi khoma lamkati la bokosi lopangira zinthu kuyenera kukhala 0.2-0.3 mm, osapitilira 0.5 mm.

3.3.5 Pambuyo polimbitsa ma hinge bolts, mbale yopondereza iyenera kukhala yosasunthika ndipo mphamvu yolimbitsa iyenera kukhala yofanana. Bowo lamkati la gland yonyamula ndi chilolezo chozungulira tsinde la valve liyenera kukhala lofanana. Chovala chonyamula chiyenera kukanikizidwa mu chipinda chonyamulira mpaka 1/3 ya kutalika kwake.

3.4 Kusindikiza pamwamba:

3.4.1 Kusindikiza pamwamba pa diski ya valve ndi mpando wa valve pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa kuyenera kukhala kopanda mawanga ndi ma grooves, ndipo gawo lolumikizana liyenera kuwerengera zoposa 2/3 ya m'lifupi mwake, ndipo mapeto ake ayenera kufika ▽10 kapena Zambiri.

3.4.2 Posonkhanitsa diski ya valve yoyesera, nsonga ya valve iyenera kukhala 5-7 mm pamwamba kuposa mpando wa valve pambuyo poti diski ya valve ilowetsedwe pampando wa valve kuti itseke mwamphamvu.

3.4.3 Posonkhanitsa ma discs a valve kumanzere ndi kumanja, kudziwongolera kuyenera kukhala kosavuta, ndipo chipangizo chotsutsana ndi dontho chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika komanso chodalirika. 3.5 Mbeu:

3.5.1 Ulusi wamkati wamkati uyenera kukhala wosasunthika, wopanda zomangira zosweka kapena zongochitika mwachisawawa, ndipo kukonza ndi chipolopolocho kuyenera kukhala kodalirika komanso kosalekeza.

3.5.2 Zigawo zonse zonyamula ziyenera kukhala zosasunthika ndi kuzungulira mosinthasintha. Pasakhale ming'alu, dzimbiri, khungu lolemera ndi zolakwika zina pamtunda wa manja amkati ndi akunja ndi mipira yachitsulo.

3.5.3 Chitsime cha disc chiyenera kukhala chopanda ming'alu ndi mapindikidwe, apo ayi chiyenera kusinthidwa. 3.5.4 Zomangira pamwamba pa mtedza wokhoma zisakhale zomasuka. Mtedza wa tsinde la valve umayenda mosinthasintha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali chilolezo cha axial chosaposa 0.35 mm.