Vavu yoyimitsa imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuwongolera ndi kuyimitsa madzi omwe akuyenda mupaipi. Amasiyana ndi ma valve monga ma valve a mpira ndi ma valve a zipata chifukwa amapangidwa makamaka kuti azitha kuyendetsa madzimadzi ndipo samangokhalira kutseka ntchito. Chifukwa chomwe valavu yoyimitsira imatchulidwa kwambiri ndikuti mapangidwe akale amapereka thupi linalake lozungulira ndipo akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo awiri, olekanitsidwa ndi equator, kumene kutuluka kumasintha njira. Zomwe zili mkati mwa mpando wotseka nthawi zambiri sizikhala zozungulira (monga mavavu a mpira) koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozungulira, zozungulira, kapena zowoneka ngati pulagi. Mavavu a globe amaletsa kutuluka kwamadzi kwambiri akatseguka kuposa ma valve a geti kapena mpira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwambiri kutsika. Mavavu a globe ali ndi masinthidwe akuluakulu a thupi atatu, ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutsika kwamphamvu kudzera mu valve. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mavavu ena, chonde onani Buku lathu la ogula ma valve.

Mapangidwe a vavu

Vavu yoyimitsa ili ndi magawo atatu akulu:valavu thupi ndi mpando, valavu disc ndi tsinde, kulongedza ndi boneti. Pogwira ntchito, tembenuzani tsinde la ulusi kudzera pa handwheel kapena valve actuator kuti mukweze diski ya valve kuchokera pampando wa valve. Njira yamadzimadzi kudzera mu valavu imakhala ndi njira yofanana ndi Z kuti madziwo athe kukhudza mutu wa valavu. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi mavavu a pachipata kumene madzimadzi ndi perpendicular kuchipata. Kukonzekera uku nthawi zina kumafotokozedwa ngati thupi la valve lopangidwa ndi Z kapena valavu yooneka ngati T. Cholowera ndi chotuluka zimagwirizana wina ndi mnzake.

Zosintha zina zimaphatikizapo ma angles ndi mawonekedwe a Y. Mu valavu yoyimitsa ngodya, chotulukacho ndi 90 ° kuchokera kulowera, ndipo madzimadzi amayenda munjira yooneka ngati L. Mu mawonekedwe a valavu ya Y kapena Y-woboola pakati, tsinde la valve limalowa mu thupi la valve pa 45 °, pamene cholowetsa ndi kutuluka zimakhalabe pamzere, mofanana ndi njira zitatu. Kukaniza kwa mawonekedwe aang'ono kuti aziyenda ndi kochepa kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe a T, ndipo kukana kwa mawonekedwe a Y ndi ochepa. Ma valve a njira zitatu ndizofala kwambiri pamitundu itatu.

Chisindikizo chosindikizira nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi mpando wa valve, koma disc disc ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pamene valavu imatsegulidwa pang'ono, madzi amadzimadzi amayenda mozungulira mozungulira diski, ndi kugawira kuvala pampando wa valve ndi disc. Choncho, valavu imagwira ntchito bwino pamene kutuluka kwachepa. Kawirikawiri, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamakhala kumbali ya valve tsinde la valve, koma m'malo otentha kwambiri (nthunzi), pamene thupi la valve limazizira ndi kugwirizanitsa, kutuluka nthawi zambiri kumabwerera kumbuyo kuti valavu ikhale yosindikizidwa mwamphamvu. Valve imatha kusintha njira yoyendetsera kuti igwiritse ntchito kupanikizika kuti ithandize kutseka (kuthamanga pamwamba pa diski) kapena kutseguka (kuthamanga pansi pa diski), motero kulola kuti valve iwonongeke kapena kulephera kutsegula.

Diski yosindikiza kapena pulaginthawi zambiri amatsogoleredwa kumpando wa vavu kudzera mu khola kuti atsimikizire kukhudzana koyenera, makamaka pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri. Mapangidwe ena amagwiritsira ntchito mpando wa valve, ndipo chisindikizo pa valve ndodo ya makina osindikizira a disc amatsutsana ndi mpando wa valve kuti amasule kupanikizika pa kunyamula pamene valavu yatsegulidwa kwathunthu.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chinthu chosindikizira, valavu yoyimitsa imatha kutsegulidwa mwachangu ndi kutembenuka kangapo kwa tsinde la valavu kuti iyambe kuthamanga (kapena kutsekedwa kuti kuyimitse kuyenda), kapena kutsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuzungulira kangapo kwa tsinde la valavu kuti apange zambiri. kuyendetsedwa bwino kudzera mu valve. Ngakhale kuti mapulagi nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zosindikizira, sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi ma plug valves, omwe ndi zipangizo za quarter turn, zofanana ndi ma valve a mpira, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapulagi m'malo mwa mipira kuti ayime ndikuyamba kuyenda.

ntchito

Ma valve oyimitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka ndi kuwongolera malo opangira madzi oyipa, malo opangira magetsi ndi malo opangira makina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi a nthunzi, mabwalo oziziritsa, makina opaka mafuta, ndi zina zambiri, momwe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwamadzi omwe amadutsa mavavu kumagwira ntchito yofunika.

Zosankha zamtundu wa valve yapadziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri zimaponyedwa chitsulo kapena mkuwa / mkuwa pamagetsi otsika, ndi chitsulo chopanga kaboni kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pakuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha. Zomwe zafotokozedwa za thupi la valve nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zokakamiza, ndipo "kuchepetsa" kumatanthawuza mbali zina osati thupi la valve, kuphatikizapo mpando wa valve, disc ndi tsinde. Kukula kwakukulu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gulu la ASME class pressure, ndipo ma bolts kapena ma flanges amawotcherera amalamulidwa. Kukula kwa ma valve padziko lonse lapansi kumafuna khama kwambiri kuposa kusanja mitundu ina ya ma valve chifukwa kutsika kwapakati pa valve kungakhale vuto.

Mapangidwe a tsinde okwera ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'ma valve oyimitsa, koma ma valve osakwera amatha kupezekanso. Boneti nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi bolt ndipo imatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta pakuwunika kwamkati kwa valve. Mpando wa valve ndi disc ndizosavuta kusintha.

Imitsani mavavuNthawi zambiri amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pisitoni ya pneumatic kapena diaphragm actuators, zomwe zimagwira mwachindunji pa tsinde la valve kuti zisunthire chimbale. Piston / diaphragm imatha kukondera kasupe kuti itsegule kapena kutseka valavu ikataya mphamvu ya mpweya. Chipangizo chamagetsi cha rotary chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.