1 Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kusankha ma valve

1.1 Fotokozani cholinga cha valavu mu zida kapena chipangizo

Dziwani momwe ma valve amagwirira ntchito: chikhalidwe cha sing'anga yoyenera, kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kutentha kwa ntchito ndi njira yoyendetsera ntchito, ndi zina zotero;

1.2 Sankhani bwino mtundu wa valve

Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa mtundu wa valavu kumatengera kumvetsetsa kwa wopanga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Posankha mtundu wa valavu, wopangayo ayenera kudziwa kaye mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a valve iliyonse;

1.3 Dziwani kugwirizana kotsiriza kwa valve

Pakati pa kugwirizana kwa ulusi, kugwirizana kwa flange ndi kulumikiza mapeto a kuwotcherera, awiri oyambirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mavavu okhala ndi ulusi makamaka mavavu okhala ndi mainchesi osakwana 50mm. Ngati kukula kwake kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kukhazikitsa ndi kusindikiza kugwirizana kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Ma valve olumikizidwa ndi flange ndi osavuta kuyika ndi kupasuka, koma ndi olemera komanso okwera mtengo kuposa ma valve opangidwa ndi ulusi, motero ndi oyenera kulumikizana ndi mipope ya ma diameter osiyanasiyana ndi zovuta. Malumikizidwe awotcherera ndi oyenera kunyamula katundu wolemera ndipo ndi odalirika kuposa kulumikizana kwa flange. Komabe, ndizovuta kusokoneza ndikubwezeretsanso ma valve olumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera, kotero kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumangokhala nthawi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kugwira ntchito modalirika kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kovutirapo komanso kutentha kwakukulu;

1.4 Kusankhidwa kwa zida za valve

Kuphatikiza pa kulingalira zakuthupi (kutentha, kuthamanga) ndi mankhwala (kuwonongeka) kwa sing'anga yogwirira ntchito, ukhondo wa sing'anga (kaya pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono) uyenera kuphunzitsidwa posankha zipangizo za chipolopolo cha valve, ziwalo zamkati ndi kusindikiza pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo oyenerera a boma ndi dipatimenti yogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kutumizidwa. Kusankhidwa koyenera komanso koyenera kwa zida za valve kumatha kupeza moyo wabwino kwambiri wautumiki komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a valve. Kusankhidwa kwa zida zamagulu a valve ndi: chitsulo-carbon steel-stainless steel, ndi dongosolo losankhidwa la zipangizo zosindikizira ndi: rabara-copper-alloy steel-F4;

1.5 Ena

Kuonjezera apo, kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi omwe akuyenda kudzera mu valve ayenera kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo valavu yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zilipo (monga ma catalogs a valve product, zitsanzo za valve, etc.).

2 Chiyambi cha Mavavu Ofanana

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve, ndipo mitundu yake ndi yovuta. Mitundu yayikulu ndima valve pachipata, ma valve oyimitsa, ma throttle valves,valavu butterfly, mavavu pulagi, mavavu mpira, mavavu magetsi, diaphragm mavavu, mavavu cheke, mavavu chitetezo, mavavu kuchepetsa kuthamanga,misampha ya steam ndi ma valve otseka mwadzidzidzi,mwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma valve olowera pakhomo, ma valve oyimitsa, ma valve otsekemera, mapulagi, ma valve a butterfly, ma valve a mpira, ma check valves, ndi ma diaphragm.

2.1 Chipata cha Vavu

Valve yachipata ndi valavu yomwe thupi lake lotsegula ndi lotseka (mbale ya valve) imayendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valve ndikuyenda mmwamba ndi pansi pambali yosindikizira ya mpando wa valve, yomwe imatha kugwirizanitsa kapena kudula njira yamadzimadzi. Poyerekeza ndi valve yoyimitsa, valve yachipata imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikizira, kuchepa kwamadzimadzi, kuyesayesa kochepa potsegula ndi kutseka, ndipo imakhala ndi kusintha kwina. Ndi imodzi mwa ma valve otseka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zoyipa zake ndi kukula kwakukulu, kapangidwe kake kovutirapo kuposa valavu yoyimitsa, kuvala kosavuta kwa malo osindikizira, komanso kukonza zovuta. Nthawi zambiri siyenera kugwedezeka. Malingana ndi malo a ulusi pa tsinde la valve valve, akhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: tsinde lokwera ndi mtundu wobisika. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mbale ya pachipata, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wa wedge ndi mtundu wofananira.

2.2 Vavu yoyimitsa

Chovala choyimitsa ndi valavu yotsekera pansi, momwe mbali zotsegulira ndi zotsekera (disk valve) zimayendetsedwa ndi tsinde la valve kuti lisunthire mmwamba ndi pansi pamphepete mwa mpando wa valve (kusindikiza pamwamba). Poyerekeza ndi valavu yachipata, imakhala ndi kusintha kwabwino, kusasindikiza bwino, mawonekedwe osavuta, kupanga ndi kukonza bwino, kukana kwakukulu kwamadzimadzi, ndi mtengo wotsika. Ndi valavu yodulidwa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi apakatikati ndi ang'onoang'ono.

2.3 valavu ya mpira

Magawo otsegulira ndi otseka a valve ya mpira ndi mabwalo okhala ndi zozungulira kudutsa mabowo, ndipo gawolo limazungulira ndi tsinde la valve kuti lizindikire kutsegulira ndi kutseka kwa valve. Valve ya mpira imakhala ndi dongosolo losavuta, kusintha mofulumira, ntchito yabwino, kukula kochepa, kulemera kochepa, magawo ochepa, kukana kwamadzimadzi pang'ono, kusindikiza bwino, ndi kukonza kosavuta.

2.4 Valve yamphamvu

Kupatula diski ya valve, valavu ya throttle imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi valve yoyimitsa. Disiki yake ya valve ndi gawo logwedeza, ndipo mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Kutalika kwa mpando wa valve sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, chifukwa kutalika kwake kotsegulira ndi kochepa ndipo kuthamanga kwapakati kumawonjezeka, motero kufulumizitsa kukokoloka kwa diski ya valve. Valve ya throttle ili ndi miyeso yaying'ono, kulemera kwake, ndi kusintha kwabwino, koma kulondola kwakusintha sikwapamwamba.

2.5 plug valve

Vavu ya pulagi imagwiritsa ntchito bowo lokhala ndi bowo ngati gawo lotsegula ndi lotseka, ndipo thupi la pulagi limazungulira ndi tsinde la valve kuti likwaniritse kutsegula ndi kutseka. Valve ya pulagi ili ndi dongosolo losavuta, kutsegula mofulumira ndi kutseka, ntchito yosavuta, kukana kwamadzimadzi pang'ono, magawo ochepa, ndi kulemera kochepa. Ma valve olumikizira amapezeka munjira zowongoka, zanjira zitatu, komanso zanjira zinayi. Mavavu a pulagi owongoka amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula sing'anga, ndipo mavavu a pulagi a njira zitatu ndi zinayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha njira yapakati kapena kupatutsa sing'anga.

2.6 Valve ya gulugufe

Vavu yagulugufe ndi mbale yagulugufe yomwe imazungulira 90 ° mozungulira mokhazikika mu valavu kuti amalize kutsegula ndi kutseka. Valve ya gulugufe ndi yaying'ono mu kukula, yopepuka kulemera, yosavuta mwadongosolo, ndipo imakhala ndi magawo ochepa chabe.

Ndipo imatha kutsegulidwa mwachangu ndikutsekeka pozungulira 90 °, ndipo ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Pamene valavu ya gulugufe ili pa malo otseguka, makulidwe a gulugufe mbale ndi kukana kokha pamene sing'anga ikuyenda mu valavu thupi. Chifukwa chake, kutsika kwamphamvu komwe kumapangidwa ndi valavu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kotero kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino owongolera. Mavavu agulugufe amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ya kusindikiza: zotanuka zofewa chisindikizo ndi chitsulo cholimba chisindikizo. Kwa mavavu osindikizira zotanuka, mphete yosindikizira imatha kuyikidwa mu thupi la valavu kapena kumangirizidwa pamphepete mwa mbale yagulugufe. Ili ndi ntchito yabwino yosindikizira ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popumira, komanso mapaipi apakati a vacuum ndi media zowononga. Mavavu okhala ndi zisindikizo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa mavavu okhala ndi zisindikizo zotanuka, koma ndizovuta kuti asindikize kwathunthu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina pomwe kutsika ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kumasiyana kwambiri ndipo kugunda kwabwino kumafunika. Zisindikizo zachitsulo zimatha kutengera kutentha kwapamwamba, pomwe zotanuka zimakhala ndi vuto lochepa chifukwa cha kutentha.

2.7 Onani valavu

Valve yoyendera ndi valavu yomwe imatha kuteteza madzi kuti asabwererenso. Disiki ya valve ya valve yotsegula imatsegulidwa pansi pa mphamvu yamadzimadzi, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amayenda kuchokera kumbali yolowera kupita kumbali yotulukira. Pamene kupanikizika kumbali yolowera kumakhala kotsika kusiyana ndi komwe kumatuluka, diski ya valve imatseka yokha pansi pa zinthu monga kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi mphamvu yake yokoka kuti iteteze kutuluka kwa madzi. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe apangidwe, amagawidwa kukhala valavu yowunikira ndi swing check valve. Valve yowunikira ili ndi chisindikizo chabwinoko kuposa valavu yoyang'ana swing komanso kukana kwamadzimadzi. Kwa doko loyamwa la chitoliro chokokera pampu, valavu ya phazi iyenera kusankhidwa. Ntchito yake ndi: kudzaza chitoliro cholowetsa mpope ndi madzi musanayambe kupopera; kusunga chitoliro cholowera ndikupopa thupi lodzaza madzi mutayimitsa mpope pokonzekera kuyambitsanso. Valavu ya phazi nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa chitoliro choyima pa polowera, ndipo sing'angayo imayenda kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba.

2.8 valavu ya diaphragm

Mbali yotsegula ndi yotseka ya valve ya diaphragm ndi diaphragm ya rabara, yomwe imayikidwa pakati pa thupi la valve ndi chivundikiro cha valve.

Mbali yotuluka ya diaphragm imayikidwa pa tsinde la valve, ndipo thupi la valve limakhala ndi mphira. Popeza sing'anga sichilowa mkati mwa chivundikiro cha valve, tsinde la valve silikusowa bokosi lodzaza. Valavu ya diaphragm ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, kusindikiza bwino, kukonza kosavuta, komanso kutsika kwamadzimadzi. Ma valve a diaphragm amagawidwa kukhala mtundu wa weir, mtundu wowongoka, wolunjika kumanja ndi mtundu wamakono.

3 Malangizo osankha ma valve odziwika

3.1 Malangizo osankha vavu pachipata

Kawirikawiri, ma valve a zipata ayenera kusankhidwa poyamba. Kuphatikiza pa nthunzi, mafuta ndi ma media ena, ma valve a pachipata ndi oyeneranso pa media omwe ali ndi zolimba za granular komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu, ndipo ndi oyenera mavavu otulutsa mpweya komanso otsika. Kwa media yokhala ndi tinthu zolimba, thupi la valve ya pachipata liyenera kukhala ndi bowo limodzi kapena awiri. Kwa media yotsika kutentha, valavu yapadera yachipata yotsika kutentha iyenera kusankhidwa.

3.2 Imitsani malangizo osankha ma valve

Valavu yoyimitsa ndi yoyenera kwa mapaipi omwe ali ndi zofunikira zochepa za kukana kwamadzimadzi, ndiko kuti, kutaya mphamvu sikumaganiziridwa mochuluka, komanso mapaipi kapena zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri. Ndi oyenera nthunzi ndi zina TV mapaipi ndi DN <200mm; mavavu ang'onoang'ono amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve oyimitsa, monga ma valve a singano, ma valve a zida, mavavu a zitsanzo, ma valve oyesa kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero; ma valve oyimitsa ali ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kwa media zapoizoni kwambiri, ma valve oyimitsa otsekeka ayenera kusankhidwa; koma ma valve oyimitsa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa zokhala ndi ma viscosity apamwamba komanso zowulutsa zomwe zimakhala ndi tinthu tosavuta kutulutsa, komanso sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma valve otulutsa mpweya ndi ma vacuum otsika.

3.3 Malangizo osankha valavu ya mpira

Mavavu a mpira ndi oyenera kutentha kwapansi, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kukhuthala kwambiri. Mavavu ambiri a mpira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa zokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tolimba, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati ufa ndi granular media malinga ndi zofunikira za chisindikizo; ma valve a mpira wanjira zonse sizoyenera kuwongolera kayendetsedwe kake, koma ndi oyenera nthawi zomwe zimafuna kutsegulidwa ndi kutseka mwachangu, zomwe ndizoyenera kudulidwa mwadzidzidzi pangozi; ma valve a mpira nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti apange mapaipi okhala ndi ntchito yosindikiza mwamphamvu, kuvala, kutsika kwa njira, kutsegula ndi kutseka mofulumira, kudula-kuthamanga kwambiri (kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga), phokoso lochepa, zochitika za gasification, torque yaing'ono yogwiritsira ntchito, ndi kukana kwamadzimadzi; mavavu a mpira ndi oyenera zopangira kuwala, otsika-anzanu odulidwa, ndi zowononga TV; mavavu a mpira ndiwonso mavavu abwino kwambiri otengera kutentha komanso kuzizira kwambiri. Kwa kachitidwe ka mapaipi ndi zida zamagetsi zotsika kutentha, ma valve otsika a mpira okhala ndi zophimba ma valve ayenera kusankhidwa; Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma valve oyandama, mpando wa valve uyenera kunyamula katundu wa mpira ndi sing'anga yogwirira ntchito. Mavavu a mpira wam'mimba mwake amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo mavavu a mpira a DN≥200mm ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito magiya a nyongolotsi; mavavu a mpira osasunthika ndi oyenera nthawi zokhala ndi mainchesi akulu komanso kupanikizika kwakukulu; Kuphatikiza apo, mavavu a mpira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi a zida zapoizoni kwambiri komanso media zoyaka moto ayenera kukhala ndi zida zosagwirizana ndi moto komanso zotsutsana ndi malo amodzi.

3.4 Malangizo Osankha a Throttle Valve

Ma valve a Throttle ndi oyenera nthawi zokhala ndi kutentha kwapakati komanso kuthamanga kwambiri, ndipo ndi oyenera magawo omwe amafunikira kusintha kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga. Iwo sali oyenera atolankhani ndi mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe komanso okhala ndi tinthu olimba, ndipo si oyenera mavavu kudzipatula.

3.5 Zosankha Zosankha za Pulagi Vavu

Ma valve omanga ndi oyenera pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kutsegulidwa ndi kutseka mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri si abwino kwa nthunzi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa zokhala ndi kutentha pang'ono komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu, komanso ndizoyeneranso kufalitsa ndi ma particles oimitsidwa.

3.6 Malangizo Osankhira a Gulugufe Vavu

Mavavu agulugufe ndi oyenera nthawi yokhala ndi mainchesi akulu (monga DN﹥600mm) ndi zofunikira zazifupi zamapangidwe, komanso nthawi zomwe zimafunikira kuwongolera kayendedwe kabwino komanso kutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazofalitsa monga madzi, mafuta ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa ndi kutentha ≤80 ℃ ndi zokakamiza ≤1.0MPa; popeza mavavu agulugufe amakhala ndi kutsika kwakukulu kocheperako poyerekeza ndi mavavu a pachipata ndi mavavu a mpira, mavavu agulugufe ndi oyenera pamapaipi omwe ali ndi vuto lotaya mphamvu.

3.7 Malangizo Osankhira pa Chekeni Vavu

Chongani mavavu zambiri oyenera TV woyera, ndipo si oyenera TV munali particles olimba ndi mkulu mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Pamene DN≤40mm, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yonyamulira (yongololedwa kuikidwa pa mapaipi opingasa); pamene DN＝50～400mm, ndi m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito swing kukweza valavu cheke (akhoza kuikidwa pa onse yopingasa ndi ofukula mapaipi. Ngati anaika pa ofukula chitoliro, sing'anga otaya malangizo ayenera kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba); pamene DN≥450mm, ndi m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito valavu cheke; pamene DN＝100～400mm, valavu yotchinga yopingasa ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito; valavu yoyang'ana swing imatha kupangidwa kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri, PN imatha kufika ku 42MPa, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa sing'anga iliyonse yogwira ntchito ndi kutentha kulikonse kogwira ntchito molingana ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za chipolopolo ndi zisindikizo. Sing'anga ndi madzi, nthunzi, gasi, sing'anga zikuwononga, mafuta, mankhwala, ndi zina. Sing'anga ntchito kutentha osiyanasiyana ndi pakati -196～800℃.

3.8 Malangizo osankha vavu ya diaphragm

Mavavu a diaphragm ndi oyenera mafuta, madzi, ma media a acidic ndi media okhala ndi zinthu zoimitsidwa ndi kutentha kochepera 200 ℃ ndi kupanikizika kosachepera 1.0MPa, koma osati zosungunulira organic ndi ma okosijeni amphamvu. Mavavu amtundu wa Weir diaphragm ndi oyenera ma abrasive granular media. Tebulo la mawonekedwe oyenda liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha ma valve amtundu wa weir diaphragm. Mavavu a diaphragm olunjika ndi oyenera kumadzimadzi a viscous, slurries simenti ndi sedimentary media. Kupatula zofunikira zenizeni, mavavu a diaphragm sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi a vacuum ndi zida za vacuum.