Chinyengo 1

Valavuyo yayikidwa molakwika.

Mwachitsanzo, njira yoyendera madzi (nthunzi) ya valavu yoyimitsa kapena valavu yoyezera ili moyang'anizana ndi chikwangwani, ndipo tsinde la valavu limayikidwa pansi. Vavu yoyezera yoyikidwa molunjika imayikidwa moyimirira. Chogwirira cha valavu yokwera kapena valavu ya gulugufe sichikhala ndi malo otsegulira ndi kutseka. Tsinde la valavu yobisika limayikidwa. Osati pafupi ndi chitseko chowunikira.

Zotsatira zake: Valavu yalephera, chosinthiracho chimakhala chovuta kukonza, ndipo tsinde la vavulo limayang'ana pansi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti madzi atuluke.

Miyeso: Ikani motsatira malangizo oyika ma valavu.ma valve a chipata chokwera, siyani kutalika kokwanira kwa tsinde la valavu.mavavu a gulugufe, ganizirani mokwanira malo ozungulira chogwirira. Ma valvu osiyanasiyana sangakhale otsika kuposa malo opingasa, osatinso pansi. Ma valvu obisika sayenera kukhala ndi chitseko chowunikira chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakutsegula ndi kutseka kwa valvu, komanso valvu iyenera kuyang'ana chitseko chowunikira.

Chinyengo 2

Mafotokozedwe ndi mitundu ya ma valve omwe adayikidwa sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake.

Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya valavu ndi yocheperako kuposa mphamvu yoyesera makina; mavalavu a chipata amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene m'mimba mwake wa payipi ya nthambi ya madzi ndi wocheperako kapena wofanana ndi 50mm; mavalavu oimitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi ouma ndi okhazikika a madzi otentha; mavalavu a gulugufe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi opopera madzi a moto.

Zotsatira zake: Zimakhudza kutsegula ndi kutseka kwabwinobwino kwa valavu ndikuwongolera kukana, kuthamanga ndi ntchito zina. Zingayambitsenso valavu kuwonongeka ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwa pamene dongosolo likugwira ntchito.

Miyeso: Dziwani bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma valve, ndipo sankhani ma specifications a ma valve ndi ma models malinga ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Kupanikizika kwa valavu kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kuthamanga kwa makina. Malinga ndi zofunikira pa zomangamanga: pamene m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro cha madzi ndi wochepera kapena wofanana ndi 50mm, valavu yoyimitsa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; pamene m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro ndi woposa 50mm, valavu ya chipata iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma valve a chipata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma valve owongolera kutentha madzi otentha komanso owuma, ndipo ma valve a gulugufe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi opopera madzi a moto.

Taboo 3

Kulephera kuchita kafukufuku wofunikira wa khalidwe monga momwe zimafunikira musanayike ma valavu.

Zotsatira zake: Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya dongosolo, ma switch a ma valve sasinthasintha, amatsekedwa bwino ndipo madzi (nthunzi) amatuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito isinthe ndi kukonzanso, komanso zimakhudza madzi abwinobwino (nthunzi).

Miyeso: Musanayike valavu, muyenera kuchita mayeso a mphamvu ya kupanikizika ndi kulimba. Mayesowa ayenera kuyang'ana mwachisawawa 10% ya gulu lililonse (mtundu womwewo, mawonekedwe omwewo, mtundu womwewo), komanso osachepera limodzi. Pa mavalavu otsekedwa omwe amayikidwa pamapaipi akuluakulu okhala ndi ntchito yodula, mayeso a mphamvu ndi kulimba ayenera kuchitika limodzi ndi limodzi. Kulimba kwa valavu ndi kulimba kuyenera kutsatira "Malamulo Ovomerezeka a Ubwino Womanga a Ntchito Zopereka Madzi, Kutulutsa Madzi ndi Kutentha" (GB 50242-2002).

Taboo 4

Zipangizo zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga sizili ndi zikalata zowunikira khalidwe laukadaulo kapena satifiketi yazinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yadziko kapena ya nduna yomwe ilipo.

Zotsatira zake: Ubwino wa polojekitiyi ndi wosatsimikizika, pali zoopsa zobisika za ngozi, sizingachitike pa nthawi yake, ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwanso ndikukonzedwanso; zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yomanga ichedwe komanso kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi zipangizo ziwonjezeke.

Miyeso: Zipangizo zazikulu, zida ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zoperekera madzi, ngalande ndi zotenthetsera ndi ukhondo ziyenera kukhala ndi zikalata zowunikira khalidwe la zinthu kapena ziphaso zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yomwe yaperekedwa ndi boma kapena unduna; mayina a zinthu zawo, mitundu, zofunikira, ndi miyezo ya khalidwe la dziko ziyenera kulembedwa. Nambala ya khodi, tsiku lopangidwa, dzina la wopanga ndi malo ake, satifiketi yowunikira zinthu za fakitale kapena nambala ya khodi.

Chinyengo 5

Kukweza valavu

Zotsatira zake:Ma valve owunikira, ma valve otulutsa mpweya, ma valve ochepetsa kupanikizika, ma valve owunikirandipo ma valve ena onse ali mbali imodzi. Ngati atayikidwa mozondoka, valavu yotsekera idzakhudza momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso moyo wake; valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga sigwira ntchito konse, ndipo valavu yoyang'anira sigwira ntchito konse. Ikhozanso kukhala yoopsa.

Miyeso: Kawirikawiri, ma valve amakhala ndi zizindikiro zolozera pa thupi la valve; ngati sichoncho, ayenera kuzindikirika bwino kutengera momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito. Mphepete mwa valavu yoyimitsa ndi yosiyana kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, ndipo madziwo ayenera kudutsa mu doko la valavu kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba. Mwanjira imeneyi, kukana kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa (kotsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe), ndipo kutseguka ndikosavuta (chifukwa kuthamanga kwapakati kumakwera). Mukatseka, sing'angayo siikakamiza kulongedza, zomwe ndizosavuta kukonza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake valavu yoyimitsa singathe kuyikidwa mobwerera m'mbuyo. Musayike valavu ya chipata mozondoka (ndiko kuti, ndi gudumu lamanja likuyang'ana pansi), apo ayi sing'angayo idzakhalabe pamalo ophimba valavu kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zingawononge mosavuta tsinde la valavu, ndipo zimaletsedwa ndi zofunikira zina. N'kovuta kwambiri kusintha kulongedza nthawi yomweyo. Musayike ma valve a chipata chokwera pansi pa nthaka, apo ayi tsinde lowonekera lidzawonongeka ndi chinyezi. Mukayika valavu yoyezera kukweza, onetsetsani kuti diski yake ya valavu ndi yoyima kuti ikwezeke mosavuta. Mukayika valavu yowunikira swing, onetsetsani kuti pini yake ndi yolunjika kuti izungulire mosavuta. Vavu yochepetsera kuthamanga iyenera kuyikidwa yoyimirira pa chitoliro chopingasa ndipo isagwedezeke mbali iliyonse.

Taboo 6

Valavu yamanja imatsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi mphamvu zambiri

Zotsatira zake: Valavu ikhoza kuwonongeka, kapena ngozi yoopsa kwambiri ingachitike.

Miyeso: Valavu yamanja, gudumu lake lamanja kapena chogwirira chake, imapangidwa molingana ndi anthu wamba, poganizira mphamvu ya malo otsekera ndi mphamvu yofunikira yotsekera. Chifukwa chake, ma lever ataliatali kapena ma wrench ataliatali sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kusuntha bolodi. Anthu ena amazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito ma wrench, choncho ayenera kusamala kuti asagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri, apo ayi n'zosavuta kuwononga malo otsekera kapena kuswa gudumu lamanja kapena chogwirira. Kuti mutsegule ndi kutseka valavu, mphamvuyo iyenera kukhala yokhazikika komanso yopanda kukhudza. Zigawo zina za ma vavu amphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kutsegula ndi kutseka zaganiza kuti mphamvu yokhudzayi siyingafanane ndi ya ma vavu wamba. Pa ma vavu a nthunzi, ayenera kutenthedwa ndipo madzi oundana ayenera kuchotsedwa musanatsegule. Mukatsegula, ziyenera kutsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono momwe zingathere kuti mupewe nyundo yamadzi. Vavu ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu, gudumu lamanja liyenera kuzunguliridwa pang'ono kuti ulusi ukhale wolimba kuti usamasuke ndi kuwonongeka. Pa ma vavu a tsinde lokwera, kumbukirani malo a tsinde la valavu ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu komanso yotsekedwa kwathunthu kuti mupewe kugunda pakati pa dead pamwamba ikatsegulidwa kwathunthu. Ndipo ndikosavuta kuwona ngati ndi yachibadwa ikatsekedwa kwathunthu. Ngati tsinde la valavu lagwa, kapena zinyalala zazikulu zaikidwa pakati pa zomangira za valavu, malo a tsinde la valavu amasintha akatsekedwa kwathunthu. Pamene payipi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba, pamakhala dothi lambiri mkati. Mutha kutsegula valavu pang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwa sing'anga kuti muitsuke, kenako muitseke pang'onopang'ono (musatseke mwachangu kapena kuiphwanya kuti mupewe zinyalala zotsala kuti zisatsike pamwamba pa chomangira). Yatsaninso, bwerezani izi kangapo, tsukani dothi, kenako mubwerere kuntchito yanu yanthawi zonse. Pa mavavu omwe nthawi zambiri amatsegula, pakhoza kukhala dothi lomamatira pamwamba pa chomangira. Mukatseka, gwiritsani ntchito njira yomwe ili pamwambapa kuti muitsuke bwino, kenako muitseke mwamphamvu. Ngati gudumu lamanja kapena chogwirira chawonongeka kapena kutayika, chiyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Musagwiritse ntchito wrench yozungulira kuti muisinthe, kuti mupewe kuwonongeka mbali zonse zinayi za tsinde la valavu, kulephera kutsegula ndi kutseka bwino, komanso ngakhale ngozi yopangidwa. Zida zina zimazizira valavu ikatsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo a valavu achepe. Wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kutsekanso panthawi yoyenera kuti asasiye mipata pamwamba pa chomangira. Kupanda kutero, cholumikiziracho chidzayenda kudzera m'ming'alu mwachangu kwambiri ndikuwononga mosavuta pamwamba pa chotseka. . Mukugwira ntchito, ngati muwona kuti ntchitoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, muyenera kuwunika zifukwa zake. Ngati kulongedza kuli kolimba kwambiri, kumasulani moyenera. Ngati tsinde la valavu lasokonekera, dziwitsani ogwira ntchito kuti akonze. Ma valavu ena akatsekedwa, ziwalo zotsekera zimatenthedwa ndikufutukuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsegula; ngati ziyenera kutsegulidwa panthawiyi, masulani ulusi wophimba valavu theka la kutembenuka kamodzi kuti muchotse kupsinjika pa tsinde la valavu, kenako tembenuzani gudumu lamanja.

Taboo 7

Kuyika ma valve molakwika pamalo otentha kwambiri

Zotsatira zake: zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zotayikira madzi

Miyeso: Ma valve otentha kwambiri opitilira 200°C amakhala pa kutentha kwabwinobwino akayikidwa, koma akagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi, kutentha kumakwera, mabotolo amakula chifukwa cha kutentha, ndipo mipata imawonjezeka, kotero ayenera kumangidwanso, komwe kumatchedwa "kulimbitsa kutentha". Ogwira ntchito ayenera kusamala ndi ntchitoyi, apo ayi kutayikira kungachitike mosavuta.

Chinyengo 8

Kulephera kutulutsa madzi nthawi yake mu nyengo yozizira

Miyeso: Nyengo ikazizira ndipo valavu yamadzi ikatsekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, madzi omwe akusonkhanitsidwa kumbuyo kwa valavu ayenera kuchotsedwa. Pambuyo poti valavu ya nthunzi yasiya nthunzi, madzi ozungulira ayeneranso kuchotsedwa. Pansi pa valavu pali pulagi, yomwe ingatsegulidwe kuti itulutse madzi.

Taboo 9

Valavu yopanda chitsulo, mphamvu yotsegulira ndi kutseka ndi yayikulu kwambiri

Miyeso: Ma valve ena osakhala achitsulo ndi olimba komanso ofooka, ndipo ena ali ndi mphamvu zochepa. Mukamagwira ntchito, mphamvu yotsegulira ndi kutseka siyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri, makamaka osati ndi mphamvu. Komanso samalani kuti musagunde zinthu.

Taboo 10

Kuyika ma valve atsopano ndi kolimba kwambiri

Njira: Mukagwiritsa ntchito valavu yatsopano, musakanikize kulongedza mwamphamvu kwambiri kuti musatuluke madzi, kuti mupewe kupanikizika kwambiri pa tsinde la valavu, kuwonongeka mwachangu, komanso kuvutika kutsegula ndi kutseka. Ubwino wa kuyika valavu umakhudza mwachindunji momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito, kotero muyenera kusamala kwambiri momwe valavu imayendera, momwe imagwirira ntchito pomanga valavu, malo otetezera valavu, zida zodutsa ndi zolumikizira, komanso kusintha mavalavu.