Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa miyoyo ya anthu, chidziwitso cha chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso nkhawa zaumoyo, kusintha kwachilengedwe m'makampani opanga zida zomangira kwayamba m'munda wa madzi ndi ngalande. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa deta yowunikira ubwino wa madzi, mapaipi achitsulo ozizira nthawi zambiri amachita dzimbiri patatha zaka zosakwana 5 akugwira ntchito, ndipo fungo lachitsulo ndi lalikulu. Anthu okhala m'deralo adadandaula ku madipatimenti aboma, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la anthu. Poyerekeza ndi mapaipi achitsulo achikhalidwe, mapaipi apulasitiki ali ndi mawonekedwe opepuka, osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, amphamvu kwambiri, aukhondo ndi chitetezo, osagwirizana ndi madzi, osunga mphamvu, osunga zitsulo, malo okhala abwino, moyo wautali, komanso kukhazikitsa kosavuta. Amakondedwa ndi akatswiri a zomangamanga ndipo ali ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri, ndikupanga chitukuko chosafunikira.

Makhalidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro cha pulasitiki

﹝一﹞Polypropylene chitoliro (PPR)

(1) Mu ntchito zomanga ndi kukhazikitsa zomwe zikuchitika pano, mapayipi ambiri otenthetsera ndi madzi ndi mapaipi a PPR (zidutswa). Ubwino wake ndi kuyika kosavuta komanso kofulumira, kotsika mtengo komanso kosamalira chilengedwe, kulemera kopepuka, koyera komanso kopanda poizoni, kolimba kutentha, kokana dzimbiri, kogwira ntchito bwino poteteza kutentha, kokhalitsa nthawi yayitali ndi zina zabwino. M'mimba mwake wa mapaipi ndi waukulu kukula kumodzi kuposa m'mimba mwake, ndipo m'mimba mwake wa mapaipi amagawidwa mwapadera mu DN20, DN25, DN32, DN40, DN50, DN63, DN75, DN90, DN110. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zolumikizira mapaipi, ma tee, zigongono, zolumikizira mapaipi, zochepetsera, mapulagi apaipi, zolumikizira mapaipi, mabulaketi, zopachika. Pali mapaipi ozizira ndi otentha, mapaipi amadzi ozizira ndi chubu chobiriwira, ndipo mapaipi amadzi otentha ndi chubu chofiira. Ma valves akuphatikizapo ma valve a mpira a PPR, ma valve a globe, ma valve a gulugufe, ma valve a chipata, ndi omwe ali ndi zinthu za PPR ndi mkuwa mkati.

(2) Njira zolumikizira mapaipi zimaphatikizapo kuwotcherera, kusungunuka kotentha ndi kulumikizana kwa ulusi. Chitoliro cha PPR chimagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kosungunuka kotentha kuti chikhale chodalirika kwambiri, chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, cholimba bwino mpweya, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizira. Kulumikizana kwa chitoliro kumagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cholumikizira chosungunuka ndi dzanja kuti chigwirizane ndi kusungunuka kotentha. Musanalumikizane, chotsani fumbi ndi zinthu zakunja kuchokera m'mapaipi ndi zowonjezera. Pamene kuwala kofiira kwa makina kuli koyatsidwa komanso kokhazikika, gwirizanitsani mapaipi (zidutswa) kuti mulumikizane. DN<50, kuzama kwa kusungunuka kotentha ndi 1-2MM, ndipo DN<110, kuzama kwa kusungunuka kotentha ndi 2-4MM. Mukalumikiza, ikani mapeto a chitoliro popanda kuzungulira. Ikani mu jekete lotenthetsera kuti mufike kuzama komwe kunakonzedweratu. Nthawi yomweyo, kankhirani zolumikizira za chitoliro pamutu wotenthetsera popanda kuzungulira kuti mutenthetse. Nthawi yotenthetsera ikakwana, chotsani nthawi yomweyo mapaipi ndi zolumikizira za chitoliro kuchokera ku jekete lotenthetsera ndi mutu wotenthetsera nthawi yomweyo, ndikuziyika kuzama kofunikira mwachangu komanso mofanana popanda kuzungulira. Flange yofanana imapangidwa pamalo olumikizirana. Munthawi yotenthetsera yomwe yatchulidwa, cholumikizira chatsopanocho chikhoza kuyesedwa, koma kuzungulira ndikoletsedwa kwambiri. Mukatenthetsa mapaipi ndi zolumikizira, pewani kutentha kwambiri ndikupangitsa kuti makulidwewo akhale ochepa. Chitolirocho chimasokonekera mu cholumikizira cha chitoliro. N'koletsedwa kuzungulira panthawi yotenthetsera ndi kulinganiza kutentha. Sipayenera kukhala lawi lotseguka pamalo ogwirira ntchito, ndipo ndikoletsedwa kuphika chitolirocho ndi lawi lotseguka. Mukalumikiza chitoliro chotenthetsera ndi zolumikizira molunjika, gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu yopepuka kuti chigongono chisapindike. Pambuyo polumikiza, mapaipi ndi zolumikizira ziyenera kugwiridwa mwamphamvu kuti zisunge nthawi yokwanira yozizira, ndipo manja amatha kumasulidwa atazizira mpaka pamlingo winawake. Chitoliro cha PP-R chikalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira cha chitoliro chachitsulo, chitoliro cha PP-R chokhala ndi cholowetsa chachitsulo chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusintha. Cholumikizira cha chitoliro ndi chitoliro cha PP-R zimalumikizidwa ndi soketi yosungunuka yotentha ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira cha chitoliro chachitsulo kapena zolumikizira za hardware za zida zaukhondo. Mukagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa ulusi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito tepi ya polypropylene ngati chodzaza chotseka. Ngati pompo yalumikizidwa ku dziwe losambira, ikani chigongono chachikazi (chokhala ndi ulusi mkati) kumapeto kwa payipi ya PPR. Musagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri panthawi yoyika payipi, kuti musawononge zolumikizira zolumikizidwa ndikuyambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi pa cholumikiziracho. Kudula payipi kungadulidwenso ndi mapaipi apadera: bayonet ya lumo la payipi iyenera kusinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi kukula kwa payipi yomwe ikudulidwa, ndipo mphamvuyo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana pozungulira ndi kudula. Pambuyo podula, kusweka kuyenera kuzungulira ndi chozungulira chofanana. Pamene payipi yasweka, gawolo liyenera kukhala lolunjika ku mzere wa payipi popanda ma burrs.

﹝二﹞ Chitoliro Cholimba cha Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)

(1) Mapaipi a UPVC (zidutswa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa madzi. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kopepuka, kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu zambiri, ndi zina zotero, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyika mapaipi. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 30 mpaka 50. Chitoliro cha UPVC chili ndi khoma losalala lamkati komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamadzimadzi pang'ono, zomwe zimathetsa vuto lomwe chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimakhudza kuthamanga kwa madzi chifukwa cha dzimbiri ndi kukula. Chitoliro cha payipicho chili ndi kukula kumodzi kuposa kukula kwake kodziwika.Zolumikizira mapaipiZigawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma tee oblique, ma cross, elbows, ma payipi clamp, ma reducers, ma payipi plugs, traps, ma payipi clamps, ndi ma hangers.

(2) Tulutsani guluu kuti mulumikizane. Guluu ayenera kugwedezeka musanagwiritse ntchito. Mapaipi ndi zigawo za soketi ziyenera kutsukidwa. Mpata wa soketi ukakhala wochepa, ndibwino. Gwiritsani ntchito nsalu ya emery kapena tsamba la saw kuti mukonze malo olumikizirana. Pakani guluu pang'ono mkati mwa soketi ndikugwiritsa ntchito guluu kawiri kunja kwa soketi. Yembekezerani kuti guluu liume kwa 40-60s. Mukayika pamalo pake, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuti muwonjezere kapena kuchepetsa nthawi yowuma ya guluu malinga ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Madzi ndi oletsedwa kwambiri panthawi yolumikizirana. Chitolirocho chiyenera kuyikidwa bwino mu ngalande chikayikidwa pamalo pake. Chitolirocho chikauma, yambani kudzazanso. Mukadzazanso, dzazani mchenga kuzungulira chitolirocho mwamphamvu ndikusiya gawo lolumikiziranalo kuti lidzazidwenso kwambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zochokera kwa wopanga yemweyo. Mukalumikiza chitoliro cha UPVC ku chitoliro chachitsulo, cholumikizira cha chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kutsukidwa ndikumatidwa, chitoliro cha UPVC chimatenthedwa kuti chifewetse (koma sichitenthedwe), kenako nkuyikidwa pa chitoliro chachitsulo ndikuziziritsidwa. Ndi bwino kuwonjezera cholumikizira cha chitoliro. Ngati chitoliro chawonongeka pamalo akuluakulu ndipo chikufunika kusintha chitoliro chonse, cholumikizira cha soketi ziwiri chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha chitolirocho. Njira yosungunulira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthana ndi kutuluka kwa cholumikizira cha solvent. Panthawiyi, choyamba tulutsani madzi mu chitolirocho, ndikupanga chitolirocho kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu yoipa, kenako ikani cholumikiziracho pamabowo a gawo lotuluka. Chifukwa cha kupanikizika koipa mu chitolirocho, cholumikiziracho chidzayamwa m'mabowo kuti chikwaniritse cholinga choletsa kutuluka. Njira yolumikizira chigamba makamaka cholinga chake ndi kutulutsa mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi malo olumikizirana m'mapaipi. Panthawiyi, sankhani mapaipi atali a 15-20cm a caliber yomweyo, dulani pakati, pukutani pamwamba pa chitolirocho ndi pamwamba pa chitolirocho kuti chikhale ndi zigamba malinga ndi njira yolumikizirana, ndikuphimba malo otuluka ndi guluu. Njira ya ulusi wagalasi ndikukonzekera yankho la resin ndi epoxy resin ndi wothandizira wochiritsa. Mukayika yankho la resin ndi nsalu ya ulusi wagalasi, imakulungidwa mofanana pamwamba pa gawo lotuluka la chitolirocho kapena cholumikiziracho, ndipo imakhala FRP ikakonzedwa. Popeza njira iyi ili ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, ukadaulo wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, mphamvu yabwino yolumikizira mapulagi komanso mtengo wotsika, ili ndi kukwezedwa kwakukulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino poletsa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kutayikira kwa madzi.