Mapaipi a Chemical ndi ma valve ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mankhwala komanso ulalo wa zida zosiyanasiyana zama mankhwala. Kodi mavavu 5 omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'mapaipi amankhwala amagwira ntchito bwanji? Cholinga chachikulu? Kodi mapaipi amadzimadzi ndi mavavu opangira mankhwala ndi chiyani? (mitundu 11 ya mapaipi + mitundu 4 ya zopangira mapaipi + 11 mavavu akulu) Mapaipi a Chemical, zinthu zonsezi ndi zaluso m'nkhani imodzi!

Mapaipi a Chemical ndi mavavu opangira

Mitundu ya mipope ya mankhwala imagawidwa ndi zinthu: mapaipi azitsulo ndi mapaipi omwe si azitsulo.

Chubu chachitsulo

Mapaipi achitsulo, mapaipi azitsulo zamsokonezo, mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, mapaipi amkuwa, mapaipi a aluminiyamu, ndi mapaipi otsogolera.

① Chitoliro chachitsulo:

Chitoliro chachitsulo choponyera ndi chimodzi mwa mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi amankhwala.

Chifukwa cha brittleness yake komanso kusalumikizana bwino kolimba, ndiyoyenera kutumiza zofalitsa zotsika kwambiri, komanso sizoyenera kutengera kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri ndi zinthu zapoizoni komanso zophulika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi operekera madzi apansi panthaka, mapaipi a gasi ndi mapaipi a sewero. Mafotokozedwe a mapaipi achitsulo oponyedwa amawonetsedwa ndi Ф m'mimba mwake × makulidwe a khoma (mm).

②Chitoliro chachitsulo chomata:

Mapaipi achitsulo amsokonezo amagawidwa m'mapaipi wamba amadzimadzi (kukaniza 0.1 ~ 1.0MPa) ndi mapaipi okhuthala (kukana 1.0 ~ 0.5MPa) kutengera kukakamiza kwawo.

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zinthu zamadzimadzi monga madzi, gasi, nthunzi yotenthetsera, mpweya woponderezedwa, ndi mafuta. Mipope yamalata amatchedwa mapaipi achitsulo kapena malata. Zopanda malata zimatchedwa mapaipi achitsulo chakuda. Mafotokozedwe ake amafotokozedwa mwadzina la diameter. The osachepera mwadzina awiri ndi 6mm ndi pazipita mwadzina awiri ndi 150mm.

③ Chitoliro chopanda chitsulo:

Ubwino wa chitoliro chopanda zitsulo ndi yunifolomu khalidwe ndi mphamvu mkulu.

Zida zake ndi chitsulo cha carbon, chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, chitsulo chochepa cha alloy, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zitsulo zosagwira kutentha. Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, pali mitundu iwiri: mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika otentha komanso mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika. Mu uinjiniya wa mapaipi, mapaipi otenthetsera amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene m'mimba mwake ukuposa 57mm, ndipo mapaipi okokedwa ndi ozizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati m'mimba mwake ndi pansi pa 57mm.

Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mitundu yonse ya mpweya wopanikizika, nthunzi ndi zakumwa, ndipo imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri (pafupifupi 435 ° C). Mapaipi azitsulo a aloyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zinthu zowononga, zomwe mapaipi a alloy osagwira kutentha amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 900-950 ℃. Mafotokozedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika amawonetsedwa ndi Ф m'mimba mwake × makulidwe a khoma (mm).

The awiri akunja awiri a chitoliro ozizira kukokedwa ndi 200mm, ndi awiri pazipita akunja chitoliro otentha adagulung'undisa ndi 630mm. Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko amagawidwa m'mapaipi opanda msoko ndi mapaipi apadera opanda msoko molingana ndi ntchito zawo, monga mapaipi ong'ambika a petroleum opanda msokonezo, mapaipi a boiler opanda msoko, ndi mapaipi opanda feteleza opanda msoko.

④ Chitoliro chamkuwa:

Chubu chamkuwa chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zotengera kutentha.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi a zida zosinthira kutentha ndi zida za cryogenic, machubu oyezera zida kapena kutumizira madzi opanikizika, koma kutentha kukakhala kopitilira 250 ℃, sikuli koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopanikizika. Chifukwa mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo, nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ofunikira.

⑤Aluminiyamu chubu:

Aluminium ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwabwino.

Machubu a aluminiyamu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zinthu monga concentrated sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide ndi carbon dioxide, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito posinthanitsa kutentha. Machubu a aluminiyamu sagonjetsedwa ndi alkali ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyamula mankhwala a alkaline ndi ma ion okhala ndi ma chloride ions.

Pamene mphamvu yamakina ya chubu cha aluminiyamu imachepa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa chubu cha aluminiyamu sikungathe kupitirira 200 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa ntchito kudzakhala kochepa paipi yopanikizidwa. Aluminiyamu imakhala ndi makina abwinoko pa kutentha kochepa, kotero machubu a aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyumu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zolekanitsa mpweya.

⑥ Chitoliro chotsogolera:

Mapaipi amtovu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapaipi onyamula zinthu za acidic. Amatha kunyamula 0.5% -15% sulfuric acid, carbon dioxide, 60% hydrofluoric acid, ndi asidi acetic ndi ndende yosakwana 80%. Sikoyenera kunyamula nitric acid, hypochlorous acid ndi media zina. The pazipita ntchito kutentha chitoliro kutsogolera ndi 200 ℃.

Non-zitsulo chubu

Chitoliro chapulasitiki, chitoliro cha pulasitiki, chitoliro cha galasi, chitoliro cha ceramic, chitoliro cha simenti.

①Chitoliro chapulasitiki:

Ubwino wa mipope pulasitiki ndi zabwino dzimbiri kukana, kulemera kuwala, akamaumba yabwino ndi processing zosavuta.

Choyipa chake ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso kukana kutentha.

Pakalipano, mapaipi apulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mapaipi olimba a polyvinyl chloride, mapaipi ofewa a polyvinyl chloride, mapaipi a polyethylene,mapaipi a polypropylene, ndi mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi polyolefin ndi polychlorotrifluoroethylene opopera pamwamba.

②Mpira chubu:

Chubu cha rabara chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, kulemera kopepuka, pulasitiki wabwino, kusinthika komanso kosavuta kuyika ndi kuphatikizira.

Machubu a rabara omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amakhala opangidwa ndi mphira wachilengedwe kapena mphira wopangira, ndipo ndi oyenera nthawi zomwe kupanikizika sikokwera.

③Chubu chagalasi:

Chubu lagalasi lili ndi zabwino zokana dzimbiri, kuwonekera, kuyeretsa kosavuta, kukana kutsika, komanso mtengo wotsika. Choyipa chake ndi chakuti ndi brittle ndipo sichikhoza kupirira kukakamizidwa.

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kapena kuyesa zochitika zantchito.

④ Ceramic chubu:

Chemical ceramics ndi yofanana ndi galasi ndipo imakhala yabwino kukana dzimbiri. Kuphatikiza pa hydrofluoric acid, fluorosilicic acid ndi alkalis amphamvu, amatha kupirira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma inorganic acid, ma organic acid ndi ma organic solvents.

Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zochepa komanso kuphulika kwake, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zinthu zowonongeka mu ngalande ndi mapaipi olowera mpweya.

⑤Paipi ya simenti:

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazochitika zomwe kukakamizidwa ndi kusindikizidwa kwa chitoliro cholumikizira sikuli kwakukulu, monga mipope ya pansi pa nthaka ndi ngalande.