Vavu, yomwe nthawi zina imadziwika kuti valavu mu Chingerezi, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa kapena kulamulira pang'ono kuyenda kwa madzi osiyanasiyana. Vavu ndi chowonjezera cha payipi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula ndi kutseka mapaipi, kuwongolera njira yoyendera, ndikusintha ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a chonyamulira, kuphatikiza kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi kuyenda. Itha kugawidwa m'ma valve otsekedwa, kuyang'anira ma valve, ma valve owongolera, ndi zina zotero kutengera ntchito yake. Ma valve ndi zigawo zomwe zimawongolera kuyenda kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzimadzi, kuphatikiza mpweya, madzi, nthunzi, ndi zina zotero m'makina operekera madzi. Ma valve achitsulo choponyedwa, ma valve achitsulo choponyedwa, ma valve achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ma valve achitsulo cha chromium molybdenum, ma valve achitsulo cha chrome molybdenum vanadium, ma valve achitsulo cha duplex, ma valve apulasitiki, ma valve osakhala achizolowezi, ndi zina zotero ndi zochepa chabe mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ma specifications a ma valve.
Poyerekeza ndi zakale za valavu
Tsiku lililonse la moyo wathu limakhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve. Timayendetsa ma valve tikamayatsa pompo kuti tipeze madzi akumwa kapena chotenthetsera moto kuti tithirire mbewu. Kukhalitsa kwa ma valve angapo kumachitika chifukwa cha kulumikizidwa kovuta kwa mapaipi.
Kusintha kwa njira zopangira mafakitale ndi chitukuko cha ma valve zimagwirizana kwambiri. Mwala waukulu kapena thunthu la mtengo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuletsa kuyenda kwa madzi kapena kusintha komwe kunkachitika m'dziko lakale kuti liwongolere kuyenda kwa mitsinje kapena mitsinje. Li Bing (zaka zosadziwika za kubadwa ndi imfa) anayamba kukumba zitsime za mchere ku Chengdu Plain kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Nkhondo za Mayiko kuti apeze mchere wamchere ndi wokazinga.
Potulutsa madzi amchere, chidutswa chopyapyala cha nsungwi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati silinda yotulutsira madzi amchere yomwe imayikidwa mu chidebecho ndipo imakhala ndi valavu yotsegulira ndi kutseka pansi. Chimango chachikulu chamatabwa chimamangidwa pamwamba pa chitsimecho, ndipo silinda imodzi imatha kutulutsa madzi amchere okwana zidebe zingapo. Madzi amchere amatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu la woumba ndi gudumu kuti atulutse madzi mu chidebe cha nsungwi. Ikani mu chitsime kuti mutulutse madzi amchere kuti mupange mchere, ndikuyika valavu yopukutira matabwa kumapeto kwake kuti muletse kutuluka kwa madzi.
Pakati pa zinthu zina, chikhalidwe cha Aigupto ndi Agiriki chinapanga mitundu ingapo yosavuta ya ma valve othirira mbewu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti Aroma akale adapanga njira zovuta kwambiri zothirira madzi pothirira mbewu, pogwiritsa ntchito ma valve a cock ndi plunger komanso ma valve osabwerera kuti aletse madzi kuyenda m'mbuyo.
Mapangidwe ambiri aukadaulo a Leonardo da Vinci ochokera mu nthawi ya Renaissance, kuphatikizapo njira zothirira, ngalande zothirira, ndi mapulojekiti ena akuluakulu a makina oyeretsera madzi, amagwiritsabe ntchito ma valve.
Pambuyo pake, pamene ukadaulo wotenthetsera madzi ndi zida zosungira madzi zinapita patsogolo ku Europe,kufunikira kwa ma valveZotsatira zake, ma valve a pulagi a mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu adapangidwa, ndipo ma valve adaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lachitsulo.
Kusintha kwa Mafakitale ndi mbiri yamakono ya makampani opanga ma valve ali ndi mbiri yofanana yomwe yakhala ikuzama pakapita nthawi. Injini yoyamba ya nthunzi yamalonda idapangidwa mu 1705 ndi Newcomman, yemwe adaperekanso mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito ya injini ya nthunzi. Kupanga kwa Watt kwa injini ya nthunzi mu 1769 kunawonetsa kulowa kovomerezeka kwa valavu mumakampani opanga makina. Ma valve olumikizira, ma valve oteteza, ma valve owunikira, ndi ma valve a gulugufe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mainjini a nthunzi.
Ntchito zambiri mu bizinesi ya ma valve zimachokera ku kupanga kwa Watt injini ya nthunzi. Ma slide valve adayamba kuonekera m'zaka za m'ma 1700 ndi 1800 chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa injini za nthunzi ndi migodi, kusita, kupanga nsalu, makina, ndi mafakitale ena. Kuphatikiza apo, adapanga chowongolera liwiro choyamba, chomwe chidapangitsa chidwi chachikulu pakulamulira kuyenda kwa madzi. Kukula kwakukulu pakupanga ma valve ndikuwoneka pambuyo pake kwa ma globe valve okhala ndi threaded stems ndi wedge gate valves okhala ndi threaded stems trapezoidal threaded stems.
Kupanga mitundu iwiri ya ma valve poyamba kunakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo oyendetsera kayendedwe ka madzi komanso zofunikira za mafakitale ambiri kuti kuthamanga kwa ma valve ndi kutentha kukhale bwino nthawi zonse.
Ma valve a mpira kapena ma valve ozungulira, omwe adapangidwa ndi John Wallen ndi John Charpmen m'zaka za m'ma 1800 koma sanapangidwe panthawiyo, ayenera kuti anali ma valve oyamba m'mbiri.
Gulu lankhondo la US Navy linali loyambirira kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve m'madzi a pansi pamadzi pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ndipo chitukuko cha ma valve chinachitika mothandizidwa ndi boma. Zotsatira zake, mapulojekiti ndi mapulani ambiri atsopano a R&D apangidwa pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito ma valve, ndipo nkhondoyi yapangitsanso kupita patsogolo muukadaulo watsopano wa ma valve.
Chuma cha mayiko otukuka chinayamba kukula bwino ndikukula chimodzi ndi chimodzi m'zaka za m'ma 1960. Zinthu zochokera kumayiko omwe kale anali West Germany, Japan, Italy, France, United Kingdom, ndi mayiko ena zinali zofunitsitsa kugulitsa katundu wawo kunja, ndipo kutumiza kunja kwa makina ndi zida zonse ndiko kunapangitsa kuti ma valve atumize kunja.
Ma koloni akale adapeza ufulu wodzilamulira umodzi ndi umodzi pakati pa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Pofunitsitsa kukulitsa mafakitale awo am'nyumba, adatumiza makina ambiri, kuphatikizapo ma valve. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la mafuta linapangitsa mayiko osiyanasiyana opanga mafuta kuti aike ndalama zambiri mu gawo la mafuta lopindulitsa kwambiri. Nthawi yakukula kwakukulu pakupanga ma valve padziko lonse lapansi, malonda, ndi chitukuko idayambitsidwa pazifukwa zingapo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti bizinesi ya ma valve ikule kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-25-2023
