Vavu ndi chiyani?

Vavu, yomwe nthawi zina imadziwika kuti valavu mu Chingerezi, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekereza pang'ono kapena kuwongolera kutuluka kwamadzi osiyanasiyana. Valavu ndi chowonjezera cha mapaipi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsegula ndi kutseka mapaipi, kuwongolera kayendedwe kake, ndikusintha ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a sing'anga yotumizira, kuphatikiza kutentha, kuthamanga, ndi kutuluka. Ikhoza kupatulidwa kukhala ma valve otseka, ma valve owunika, ma valve oyendetsa, ndi zina zotero malinga ndi ntchitoyo. Mavavu ndi zigawo zomwe zimayang'anira kutuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzimadzi, kuphatikizapo mpweya, madzi, nthunzi, ndi zina. Mavavu achitsulo, mavavu achitsulo, mavavu osapanga dzimbiri, mavavu achitsulo a chromium molybdenum, mavavu achitsulo a chromium molybdenum vanadium, mavavu achitsulo a duplex, mavavu apulasitiki, mavavu osakhazikika, ndi zina zambiri. .

Mogwirizana ndi zakale za valve

Tsiku lililonse la moyo wathu limakhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve. Timagwiritsa ntchito mavavu tikayatsa pompo kuti tipeze madzi akumwa kapena chopopera moto kuti tizithirira mbewu. Kulimbikira kwa mavavu angapo kumachitika chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwapaipi kwapaipi.

Chisinthiko cha njira zopangira mafakitale ndi chitukuko cha ma valves zimagwirizana kwambiri. Mwala waukulu kapena thunthu la mtengo linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuletsa kutuluka kwa madzi kapena kusintha kumene akulowera m’nthaŵi zakale kuti mitsinje kapena mitsinje isayende. Li Bing (zaka zosadziwika za kubadwa ndi imfa) adayamba kukumba zitsime zamchere m'chigwa cha Chengdu kumapeto kwa nthawi ya Warring States kuti apeze brine ndi mwachangu mchere.

Pochotsa brine, nsungwi yopyapyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati silinda yochotsa brine yomwe imayikidwa m'bokosi ndipo imakhala ndi valavu yotsegulira ndi kutseka pansi. Pachitsimepo pali chimango chachikulu chamatabwa, ndipo silinda imodzi imatha kukokera ndowa zingapo zamadzi amchere. Kenako madziwo amatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu la woumba mbiya ndi gudumu kukhuthula chidebe chansungwi. Ikani m'chitsime kuti mukokemo mchere kuti mupange mchere, ndipo ikani valavu yamatabwa kumbali imodzi kuti muyimitse kudontha.

Mwa zina, chitukuko cha Aigupto ndi Agiriki chinapanga mitundu ingapo yosavuta ya mavavu othirira mbewu. Komabe, ambiri amavomereza kuti Aroma akale adapanga njira zovuta kuthirira zam'madzi zothirira mbewu, kugwiritsa ntchito mavavu a tambala ndi ma plunger komanso ma valve osabwerera kuti madzi asabwerere chakumbuyo.

Zambiri mwaukadaulo wa Leonardo da Vinci kuyambira nthawi ya Renaissance, kuphatikiza njira zothirira, ngalande zothirira, ndi ntchito zina zazikulu zama hydraulic system, zimagwiritsabe ntchito ma valve.

Pambuyo pake, ukadaulo wotenthetsera komanso zida zosungira madzi zidapita patsogolo ku Europe,kufunikira kwa mavavupang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka. Chotsatira chake, ma valve a pulagi a mkuwa ndi aluminiyumu anapangidwa, ndipo ma valve anaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lazitsulo.

Kusintha kwa Industrial Revolution ndi mbiri yamakono yamakampani opanga ma valve ali ndi mbiri yofananira yomwe yazama kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Injini yoyamba yogulitsa nthunzi idapangidwa mu 1705 ndi Newcomman, yemwe adaperekanso mfundo zoyendetsera ntchito ya injini ya nthunzi. Kutulukira kwa Watt kwa injini ya nthunzi mu 1769 kunasonyeza kuti valavuyi imalowa m'makampani opanga makina. Ma valve omangira, ma valve otetezera, ma cheke ma valve, ndi ma valve a butterfly ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu injini za nthunzi.

Ntchito zambiri mu bizinesi ya ma valve zimayambira pakupanga kwa Watt kwa injini ya nthunzi. Ma slide valves adawonekera koyamba m'zaka za 18th ndi 19th chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa injini za nthunzi ndi migodi, kusita, nsalu, kupanga makina, ndi mafakitale ena. Kuphatikiza apo, adapanga chowongolera liwiro loyamba, zomwe zidapangitsa chidwi chochulukirapo pakuwongolera kutuluka kwamadzi. Kukula kwakukulu pakukula kwa mavavu ndikuwoneka kotsatira kwa mavavu apadziko lonse lapansi okhala ndi tsinde la ulusi ndi ma valve olowera pachipata okhala ndi tsinde la trapezoidal.

Kukula kwa mitundu iwiri ya ma valves poyamba kunakwaniritsa zofuna za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake

Mavavu ampira kapena ma valve ozungulira ozungulira, omwe adapangidwa kale ndi John Wallen ndi John Charpmen m'zaka za zana la 19 koma sanapangidwe panthawiyo, ayenera kukhala ma valve oyamba m'mbiri.

Msilikali wa US Navy anali wothandizira koyambirira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma valve mu sitima zapamadzi pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, ndipo chitukuko cha valve chinkachitika ndi chilimbikitso cha boma. Zotsatira zake, mapulojekiti ambiri atsopano a R&D ndi zoyeserera zachitika pakugwiritsa ntchito ma valve, ndipo nkhondoyi yachititsanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo watsopano wa vavu.

Chuma cha mayiko otukuka kwambiri chinayamba kuyenda bwino ndikupita patsogolo m’ma 1960. Zogulitsa zochokera kumayiko omwe kale anali West Germany, Japan, Italy, France, United Kingdom, ndi mayiko ena anali ofunitsitsa kugulitsa katundu wawo kunja, ndipo kutumizidwa kunja kwa makina athunthu ndi zida ndi zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma valve atulutsidwe kunja.

Madera akale adalandira ufulu umodzi ndi umodzi pakati pa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Pofunitsitsa kutukula mafakitale awo apakhomo, anaitanitsa makina ambiri, kuphatikizapo ma valve. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la mafuta lidapangitsa mayiko osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga mafuta kuti akhazikitse ndalama zambiri pantchito yopeza bwino kwambiri yamafuta. Nthawi yakukula kwamphamvu pakupanga ma valve padziko lonse lapansi, malonda, ndi chitukuko idayambitsidwa pazifukwa zingapo, kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa bizinesi ya valve.