Mfundo yotsekera ma valavu

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve, koma ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi yofanana, yomwe ndi kulumikiza kapena kudula kayendedwe ka zinthu zolumikizira. Chifukwa chake, vuto lotseka ma valve limakhala lodziwika bwino.

Kuti valavu ithetse bwino kayendedwe ka madzi ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa madzi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutseka kwa valavu kuli bwino. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valavu ituluke, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe kosayenera ka nyumba, malo olumikizirana osagwirizana ndi kutseka, zigawo zomangirira zomasuka, kusagwirizana pakati pa thupi la valavu ndi chivundikiro cha valavu, ndi zina zotero. Mavuto onsewa angayambitse kutseka kwa valavu kosayenera. Chabwino, motero kumabweretsa vuto la kutuluka kwa madzi. Chifukwa chake,ukadaulo wotsekera mavavundi ukadaulo wofunikira wokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wa ma valavu, ndipo umafuna kafukufuku wokonzedwa bwino komanso wozama.

Kuyambira pomwe ma valve adapangidwa, ukadaulo wawo wotsekera wakula kwambiri. Mpaka pano, ukadaulo wotsekera ma valve ukuonekera kwambiri m'mbali ziwiri zazikulu, zomwe ndi kutsekera kosasinthasintha ndi kutsekera kosinthasintha.

Chomwe chimatchedwa static seal nthawi zambiri chimatanthauza static seal pakati pa malo awiri osasinthasintha. Njira yotsekera static seal imagwiritsa ntchito ma gaskets.

Chomwe chimatchedwa chisindikizo champhamvu chimatanthauza makamakakutseka kwa tsinde la valve, zomwe zimaletsa kuti cholumikizira cha valavu chisatuluke ndi kayendedwe ka tsinde la valavu. Njira yayikulu yotsekera yogwiritsira ntchito chisindikizo champhamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lodzaza.

1. Chisindikizo chosasunthika

Kutseka kosasunthika kumatanthauza kupangidwa kwa chisindikizo pakati pa magawo awiri osasuntha, ndipo njira yotsekera imagwiritsa ntchito ma gaskets ambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma washer. Ma washer omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo ma washer athyathyathya, ma washer ooneka ngati O, ma washer okulungidwa, ma washer ooneka ngati apadera, ma wave washer ndi ma washer odulidwa. Mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kugawidwa motsatira zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
①Chotsukira chathyathyathyaMa washer a flat ndi ma washer a flat omwe amaikidwa pakati pa magawo awiri osasuntha. Kawirikawiri, malinga ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kugawidwa m'ma washer a flat flat apulasitiki, ma washer a flat flat a rabara, ma washer a flat flat achitsulo ndi ma washer a flat flat a composite. Chida chilichonse chili ndi ntchito yakeyake.
②Mphete ya O. Mphete ya O imatanthauza gasket yokhala ndi gawo lopingasa looneka ngati O. Chifukwa chakuti gawo lake lopingasa ndi looneka ngati O, limadzilimbitsa lokha, kotero kutseka kwake kuli bwino kuposa gasket yosalala.
③Phatikizani ma washer. Gasket yophimbidwa imatanthauza gasket yomwe imakulunga chinthu china pa chinthu china. Gasket yotereyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino ndipo imatha kuwonjezera kutseka. ④Ma washer ooneka ngati apadera. Ma washer ooneka ngati apadera amatanthauza ma gasket omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, kuphatikiza ma washer ozungulira, ma washer a diamondi, ma washer amtundu wa giya, ma washer amtundu wa dovetail, ndi zina zotero. Ma washer awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yodzilimbitsa okha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma valve opanikizika kwambiri komanso apakati.
⑤Chotsukira mafunde. Mafunde ndi mafunde omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a mafunde okha. Mafunde amenewa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zachitsulo ndi zinthu zosakhala zachitsulo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yokanikiza komanso kutseka bwino.
⑥ Manga chotsukira. Ma gasket a mabala amatanthauza ma gasket opangidwa pokulunga mizere yopyapyala yachitsulo ndi mizere yosakhala yachitsulo pamodzi. Mtundu uwu wa gasket uli ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso mphamvu zotsekera. Zipangizo zopangira ma gasket zimaphatikizapo magulu atatu, omwe ndi zinthu zachitsulo, zinthu zosakhala zachitsulo ndi zinthu zophatikizika. Kawirikawiri, zipangizo zachitsulo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Zipangizo zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mkuwa, aluminiyamu, chitsulo, ndi zina zotero. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zosakhala zachitsulo, kuphatikizapo zinthu zapulasitiki, zinthu za rabara, zinthu za asbestos, zinthu za hemp, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizo zosakhala zachitsulozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni. Palinso mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zophatikizika, kuphatikizapo laminate, mapanelo ophatikizika, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimasankhidwanso malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni. Kawirikawiri, ma washer opangidwa ndi corrugated ndi ma washer ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

2. Chisindikizo champhamvu

Chisindikizo champhamvu chimatanthauza chisindikizo chomwe chimaletsa kuyenda kwapakati mu valavu kuti isatuluke ndi kayendedwe ka tsinde la valavu. Ili ndi vuto lotseka panthawi yoyenda. Njira yayikulu yotsekera ndi bokosi lodzaza. Pali mitundu iwiri yoyambira ya mabokosi odzaza: mtundu wa gland ndi mtundu wa compression nut. Mtundu wa gland ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano. Nthawi zambiri, ponena za mawonekedwe a gland, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wophatikizana ndi mtundu wophatikizika. Ngakhale mawonekedwe aliwonse ndi osiyana, makamaka amaphatikizapo mabolts okakamiza. Mtundu wa compression nut nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pama valves ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha kukula kochepa kwa mtundu uwu, mphamvu yokakamiza imakhala yochepa.
Mu bokosi lodzaza, popeza kulongedza kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi tsinde la valavu, kulongedzako kumafunika kukhala ndi kutseka bwino, coefficient yaying'ono yokangana, kukhoza kusintha kupsinjika ndi kutentha kwa sing'anga, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Pakadali pano, zodzaza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mphete za O-raber, kulongedza kwa polytetrafluoroethylene, kulongedza kwa asbestos ndi zodzaza zapulasitiki. Chodzaza chilichonse chili ndi mikhalidwe yake komanso mtundu wake, ndipo chiyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zinazake. Kutseka ndiko kupewa kutayikira, kotero mfundo yotsekera mavalavu imaphunziridwanso popewa kutayikira. Pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira. Chimodzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito otsekera, ndiko kuti, kusiyana pakati pa mavalavu otsekera, ndipo china ndi kusiyana kwa kuthamanga pakati pa mbali zonse ziwiri za mavalavu otsekera. Mfundo yotsekera mavalavu imasanthulidwanso kuchokera mbali zinayi: kutseka madzi, kutseka mpweya, mfundo yotsekera njira yotulutsira ndi mavalavu otsekera.

Kulimba kwamadzimadzi

Kapangidwe ka kutseka kwa madzi kamadalira kukhuthala ndi mphamvu ya pamwamba pa madzi. Pamene kapilari ya valavu yotuluka madzi yadzazidwa ndi mpweya, mphamvu ya pamwamba ikhoza kubweza madziwo kapena kuyambitsa madzi mu kapilari. Izi zimapangitsa ngodya yozungulira. Pamene ngodya yozungulira madzi ili pansi pa 90°, madzi adzalowetsedwa mu kapilari, ndipo kutuluka madzi kudzachitika. Kutuluka madzi kumachitika chifukwa cha makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a zolumikizira. Kuyesera pogwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana kudzapereka zotsatira zosiyana pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyi. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, mpweya kapena kerosene, ndi zina zotero. Pamene ngodya yozungulira madzi ili pamwamba pa 90°, kutuluka madzi kudzachitikanso. Chifukwa zimagwirizana ndi mafuta kapena sera filimu pamwamba pa chitsulo. Mafilimu awa akasungunuka, mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa chitsulo amasintha, ndipo madzi omwe poyamba ankachotsedwa madzi adzanyowetsa pamwamba ndikutulutsa madzi. Poganizira zomwe zili pamwambapa, malinga ndi njira ya Poisson, cholinga choletsa kutuluka madzi kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutuluka madzi chikhoza kupezedwa pochepetsa m'mimba mwake wa kapilari ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa cholumikiziracho.

Kulimba kwa mpweya

Malinga ndi njira ya Poisson, kulimba kwa mpweya kumagwirizana ndi kukhuthala kwa mamolekyu a mpweya ndi mpweya. Kutayikira kwa mpweya kumafanana kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa chubu cha capillary ndi kukhuthala kwa mpweya, komanso kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukula kwa chubu cha capillary ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera. Pamene kukula kwa chubu cha capillary kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwapakati kwa ufulu wa mamolekyu a mpweya, mamolekyu a mpweya amalowa mu chubu cha capillary ndi kayendedwe ka kutentha komasuka. Chifukwa chake, tikamachita mayeso otsekereza ma valve, cholumikiziracho chiyenera kukhala madzi kuti chikwaniritse zotsatira zotsekereza, ndipo mpweya, kutanthauza, mpweya, sungathe kukwaniritsa zotsatira zotsekereza.

Ngakhale titachepetsa m'mimba mwake wa capillary pansi pa mamolekyu a mpweya kudzera mu kusintha kwa pulasitiki, sitingathe kuletsa kuyenda kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti mpweya ukhoza kufalikirabe kudzera m'makoma achitsulo. Chifukwa chake, tikamayesa mpweya, tiyenera kukhala okhwima kwambiri kuposa kuyesa kwamadzimadzi.

Mfundo yotsekera njira yotulutsira madzi

Chisindikizo cha valavu chili ndi magawo awiri: kufalikira kosafanana pamwamba pa mafunde ndi kukhwima kwa mphamvu ya mafunde pamtunda pakati pa nsonga za mafunde. Ngati zinthu zambiri zachitsulo m'dziko lathu zili ndi mphamvu yochepa yotanuka, ngati tikufuna kukwaniritsa kutsekedwa, tiyenera kuwonjezera zofunikira pa mphamvu yokakamira ya zinthu zachitsulo, ndiko kuti, mphamvu yokakamira ya zinthuzo iyenera kupitirira kulimba kwake. Chifukwa chake, popanga valavu, awiri otsekera amafanana ndi kusiyana kwa kuuma kwake. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kupanikizika, mphamvu inayake yotsekera ya pulasitiki idzapangidwa.

Ngati pamwamba potsekapo papangidwa ndi zinthu zachitsulo, ndiye kuti malo osagwirizana pamwamba pake adzaonekera msanga. Poyamba, katundu wochepa wokha ndi womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambitsa kusintha kwa pulasitiki kwa malo osagwirizana awa. Pamene malo olumikizirana akuwonjezeka, kusiyana kwa pamwamba kumakhala kusintha kwa pulasitiki-yotanuka. Panthawiyi, kukhwima mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe zili m'malo opumulirako kudzakhalapo. Pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito katundu womwe ungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu kwa pulasitiki kwa zinthu zomwe zili pansi pake, ndikupanga malo awiriwa kuti azigwirizana kwambiri, njira zotsalazi zitha kupangidwa pafupi motsatira mzere wopitilira ndi njira yozungulira.

Valavu yosindikizira

Chotsekera ma valve ndi gawo la mpando wa valavu ndi chiwalo chotseka chomwe chimatseka zikakumana. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamwamba pa chitsulo chotsekeramo zinthu zimawonongeka mosavuta ndi zolumikizira zolumikizidwa, dzimbiri la media, tinthu tomwe timawonongeka, kutsekeka kwa zinyalala ndi kukokoloka. Monga tinthu tomwe timawonongeka. Ngati tinthu tomwe timawonongeka ndi tating'onoting'ono kuposa pamwamba, kulondola kwa pamwamba kudzasintha m'malo mowonongeka pamene pamwamba potsekeredwa. M'malo mwake, kulondola kwa pamwamba kudzachepa. Chifukwa chake, posankha tinthu tomwe timawonongeka, zinthu monga zipangizo zawo, momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kukhuthala, ndi dzimbiri pamwamba potsekeredwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira.

Monga tinthu tomwe timatha kusweka, tikamasankha zomatira, tiyenera kuganizira mozama zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito awo kuti tipewe kutayikira. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi dzimbiri, mikwingwirima ndi kukokoloka. Kupanda kutero, kusowa kwa zofunikira zilizonse kudzachepetsa kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ake omatira.