Mfundo yosindikiza ma valve

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve, koma ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi yofanana, yomwe ndi kulumikiza kapena kuletsa kutuluka kwa media. Chifukwa chake, vuto losindikiza ma valve limakhala lodziwika kwambiri.

Kuonetsetsa kuti valavu ikhoza kudula bwino kuyenda kwapakati ndikuletsa kutuluka, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chisindikizo cha valve sichikuyenda bwino. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti valve iwonongeke, kuphatikizapo mapangidwe osadziwika bwino, mawonekedwe osindikizira olakwika, ziwalo zomangirira zotayirira, zotayirira pakati pa thupi la valve ndi chivundikiro cha valve, ndi zina zotero. Mavuto onsewa angayambitse kusindikiza kosayenera kwa valve. Chabwino, motero kulenga vuto kutayikira. Chifukwa chake,teknoloji yosindikiza ma valvendiukadaulo wofunikira wokhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wa vavu, ndipo umafunika kufufuza mwadongosolo komanso mozama.

Chiyambireni kupangidwa kwa ma valve, luso lawo losindikiza lakhala ndi chitukuko chachikulu. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wosindikiza ma valve umawonetsedwa makamaka muzinthu ziwiri zazikulu, zomwe ndi kusindikiza kokhazikika komanso kusindikiza kwamphamvu.

Zomwe zimatchedwa static seal nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza chisindikizo pakati pa malo awiri osasunthika. Njira yosindikizira ya static seal imagwiritsa ntchito ma gaskets.

Chomwe chimatchedwa dynamic seal makamaka chimanena zakusindikiza kwa tsinde la valve, zomwe zimalepheretsa sing'anga mu valavu kuti isatayike ndi kayendedwe ka tsinde la valve. Njira yayikulu yosindikizira ya chisindikizo champhamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bokosi loyika zinthu.

1. Chisindikizo chokhazikika

Kusindikiza kwa Static kumatanthauza kupangidwa kwa chisindikizo pakati pa magawo awiri osasunthika, ndipo njira yosindikizira imagwiritsa ntchito ma gaskets. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mawotchi. Makina ochapira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga ochapira athyathyathya, ochapira ngati O, ochapira okulungidwa, ochapira ngati mwapadera, ochapira mafunde ndi ochapira mabala. Mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kugawidwa mowonjezereka malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
①Wochapira wathyathyathya. Makina ochapira athyathyathya ndi ochapira athyathyathya omwe amaikidwa mopanda pakati pakati pa magawo awiri osasunthika. Nthawi zambiri, molingana ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma washers apulasitiki apulasitiki, ma washer a rabara a labala, ochapira zitsulo azitsulo ndi ma washer ophatikizika. Nkhani iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yakeyake. osiyanasiyana.
②O-ring. O-ring amatanthauza gasket yokhala ndi gawo lofanana ndi O. Chifukwa chakuti gawo lake la mtanda ndi O-mawonekedwe, limakhala ndi mphamvu yodzilimbitsa yokha, kotero kuti kusindikiza kumakhala bwino kuposa gasket ya flat flat.
③ Phatikizani zochapira. Gasket yokulungidwa imatanthawuza gasket yomwe imakulunga zinthu zina pa chinthu china. Gasket yotereyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi elasticity yabwino ndipo imatha kuwonjezera kusindikiza. ④Mawotchi opangidwa mwapadera. Makina ochapira ooneka ngati apadera amatanthawuza ma gaskets omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, kuphatikiza zochapira zowulungika, zochapira za diamondi, zochapira zamtundu wa zida, zochapira zamtundu wa dovetail, ndi zina zambiri. Makina ochapirawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yodzilimbitsa okha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamavavu apamwamba komanso apakatikati. .
⑤Washer woweyula. Ma Wave gaskets ndi ma gaskets omwe amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mafunde okha. Ma gaskets awa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwazitsulo ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yaing'ono yokakamiza komanso kusindikiza kwabwino.
⑥ Manga chochapira. Mabala a gaskets amatanthawuza ma gaskets opangidwa ndi kukulunga tizitsulo tating'onoting'ono ndi tizitsulo tating'ono tomwe tilibe zitsulo molimba. Mtundu uwu wa gasket uli ndi elasticity yabwino komanso yosindikiza. Zida zopangira ma gaskets makamaka zimaphatikizira magawo atatu, zomwe ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, zopanda zitsulo ndi zida zophatikizika. Nthawi zambiri, zida zachitsulo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Zida zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zimaphatikizapo mkuwa, aluminiyamu, zitsulo, ndi zina. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zopanda zitsulo, kuphatikizapo pulasitiki, mphira, zinthu za asibesitosi, mankhwala a hemp, ndi zina zotero. malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni. Palinso mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zophatikizika, kuphatikizapo laminates, mapanelo ophatikizika, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni. Nthawi zambiri, ma washer okhala ndi malata ndi ochapira mabala ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

2. Chisindikizo champhamvu

Kusindikiza kwamphamvu kumatanthawuza chisindikizo chomwe chimalepheretsa kuyenda kwapakati mu valavu kuti zisatayike ndikuyenda kwa tsinde la valve. Ili ndi vuto losindikiza panthawi yosuntha. Njira yayikulu yosindikizira ndi bokosi loyikamo zinthu. Pali mitundu iwiri yofunikira yamabokosi oyika zinthu: mtundu wa gland ndi mtundu wa mtedza wa compression. Mtundu wa gland ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano. Nthawi zambiri, potengera mawonekedwe a gland, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wophatikizika ndi mtundu wofunikira. Ngakhale mawonekedwe aliwonse ndi osiyana, amaphatikiza mabawuti oponderezedwa. Mtundu wa mtedza wa compression nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma valve ang'onoang'ono. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa mtundu uwu, mphamvu yopondereza imakhala yochepa.
M'bokosi lopangira zinthu, popeza kulongedzako kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi tsinde la valve, kulongedzako kumafunika kukhala ndi kusindikiza kwabwino, kocheperako pang'ono, kutha kusintha kupsinjika ndi kutentha kwa sing'anga, ndikukhala ndi dzimbiri. Pakadali pano, zodzaza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo ma O-rings a mphira, kulongedza kwa polytetrafluoroethylene, kulongedza kwa asbestosi ndi zomangira pulasitiki. Wodzaza aliyense ali ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso mtundu wake, ndipo ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zake. Kusindikiza ndikuteteza kutayikira, kotero mfundo yosindikiza ma valve imaphunziridwanso kuti ipewe kutayikira. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira. Chimodzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza kusindikiza, ndiko kuti, kusiyana pakati pa awiriawiri osindikiza, ndipo china ndi kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa mbali zonse ziwiri za kusindikiza. Mfundo yosindikizira ma valve imawunikidwanso kuchokera kuzinthu zinayi: kusindikiza kwamadzimadzi, kusindikiza gasi, mfundo yosindikiza njira yotayira ndi kusindikiza ma valve.

Kuthina kwamadzi

The kusindikiza zimatha zamadzimadzi anatsimikiza ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi pamwamba mavuto a madzi. Pamene capillary ya valavu yothamanga yadzaza ndi mpweya, kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba kungathe kuthamangitsa madziwo kapena kuyambitsa madzi mu capillary. Izi zimapanga ngodya ya tangent. Pamene ngodya ya tangent ili yosakwana 90 °, madzi amalowetsedwa mu capillary, ndipo kutayikira kudzachitika. Kutayikira kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zama media. Kuyesera pogwiritsa ntchito zofalitsa zosiyanasiyana kudzapereka zotsatira zosiyana pamikhalidwe yofanana. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, mpweya kapena palafini, etc. Pamene ngodya ya tangent ndi yaikulu kuposa 90 °, kutayikira kudzachitikanso. Chifukwa chikugwirizana ndi mafuta kapena sera filimu pazitsulo pamwamba. Makanema apamtundawa akasungunuka, mawonekedwe achitsulo amasintha, ndipo madzi othamangitsidwa poyamba amanyowetsa pamwamba ndikutuluka. Poganizira zomwe zili pamwambazi, malinga ndi ndondomeko ya Poisson, cholinga chopewa kutayikira kapena kuchepetsa kutayikira chikhoza kutheka mwa kuchepetsa capillary diameter ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa sing'anga.

Kuthina kwa gasi

Malinga ndi ndondomeko ya Poisson, kulimba kwa mpweya kumayenderana ndi kukhuthala kwa mamolekyu a gasi ndi mpweya. Kutayikira kumasiyana molingana ndi kutalika kwa chubu cha capillary ndi kukhuthala kwa mpweya, komanso molingana ndi kukula kwa chubu cha capillary ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera. Pamene kukula kwa chubu cha capillary kuli kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ufulu wa ma molekyulu a mpweya, ma molekyulu a mpweya adzalowa mu chubu cha capillary ndi kuyenda kwaufulu kwamafuta. Choncho, tikamayesa kusindikiza ma valve, sing'anga iyenera kukhala madzi kuti tikwaniritse kusindikiza, ndipo mpweya, womwe ndi gasi, sungathe kukwaniritsa kusindikiza.

Ngakhale titachepetsa kukula kwa capillary pansi pa mamolekyu a gasi kudzera mukusintha kwa pulasitiki, sitingathe kuyimitsa gasi. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti mpweya ukhoza kufalikirabe kudzera m'makoma achitsulo. Chifukwa chake, tikamayesa gasi, tiyenera kukhala okhwima kwambiri kuposa kuyesa kwamadzi.

Mfundo yosindikiza ya leakage channel

Chisindikizo cha valavu chimakhala ndi magawo awiri: kusagwirizana komwe kumafalikira pamtunda wa mafunde ndi kuuma kwa mafunde patali pakati pa nsonga za mafunde. Pankhani yomwe zida zambiri zachitsulo m'dziko lathu zimakhala ndi zovuta zochepa zotanuka, ngati tikufuna kuti tikwaniritse malo osindikizidwa, tifunika kukweza zofunikira pakukakamiza kwazinthu zachitsulo, ndiko kuti, kukakamiza kwazinthuzo. iyenera kupitilira elasticity yake. Choncho, popanga valavu, awiri osindikiza amafanana ndi kusiyana kolimba. Pansi pa kukakamizidwa, gawo lina la kusindikiza kwa pulasitiki kumapangidwa.

Ngati malo osindikizira amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, ndiye kuti mfundo zosagwirizana pamwambazi zidzawoneka koyambirira. Pachiyambi, katundu wochepa wokha angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupangitsa kupindika kwa pulasitiki kwa mfundo zosagwirizanazi. Pamene kukhudzana kwapamwamba kumawonjezeka, kusagwirizana kwapamwamba kumakhala kusinthika kwapulasitiki-elastic. Panthawi imeneyi, roughness mbali zonse mu recess adzakhalapo. Pakafunika kuyika katundu yemwe angayambitse kupindika kwakukulu kwa pulasitiki pazinthu zomwe zili pansi, ndikupangitsa kuti malo awiriwa azilumikizana kwambiri, njira zotsalirazi zitha kupangidwa kukhala pafupi ndi mzere wopitilira ndi mayendedwe ozungulira.

Mavavu osindikizira awiri

Gulu losindikizira la valve ndi gawo la mpando wa valve ndi membala wotseka omwe amatseka akakumana. Pa ntchito, zitsulo kusindikiza pamwamba mosavuta kuonongeka ndi entrained media, TV dzimbiri, kuvala particles, cavitation ndi kukokoloka. Monga kuvala particles. Ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timavala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri, kulondola kwapamwamba kumakhala bwino m'malo mowonongeka pomwe malo osindikizira avala. M'malo mwake, kulondola kwapamwamba kudzawonongeka. Chifukwa chake, posankha tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zinthu monga zida zawo, momwe amagwirira ntchito, mafuta, komanso dzimbiri pamalo osindikizira ayenera kuganiziridwa mozama.

Monga momwe timavalira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tikamasankha zisindikizo, tiyenera kuganizira mozama zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza momwe zimagwirira ntchito kuti tipewe kutayikira. Choncho, m'pofunika kusankha zipangizo zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri, zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka. Apo ayi, kusowa kwa chofunikira chilichonse kudzachepetsa kwambiri ntchito yake yosindikiza.