Lamuloli likugwira ntchito poika ma valve a chipata, ma valve oimitsa, ma valve a mpira, ma valve a gulugufe ndi ma valve ochepetsa kupanikizika m'mafakitale a petrochemical. Kuika ma valve owunikira, ma valve oteteza, ma valve owongolera ndi misampha ya nthunzi kuyenera kutengera malamulo oyenera. Lamuloli silikugwira ntchito poika ma valve pa mapaipi operekera madzi pansi pa nthaka ndi otulutsira madzi.

1 Mfundo za kapangidwe ka ma valavu

1.1 Ma valve ayenera kuyikidwa malinga ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka komwe kwawonetsedwa pa chithunzi cha payipi ndi zida (PID). Ngati PID ili ndi zofunikira zenizeni za malo oyika ma valve ena, ayenera kuyikidwa malinga ndi zofunikira pa ndondomekoyi.

1.2 Ma valve ayenera kukonzedwa m'malo osavuta kuwapeza, kuwagwiritsa ntchito, ndi kuwasamalira. Ma valve omwe ali pamizere ya mapaipi ayenera kukonzedwa m'njira yapakati, ndipo mapulatifomu ogwiritsira ntchito kapena makwerero ayenera kuganiziridwa.

2 Zofunikira pa malo oyika ma valve

2.1 Pamene makonde a mapaipi olowera ndi otuluka, chipangizocho chalumikizidwa ku mapaipi akuluakulu omwe ali pa makonde a mapaipi a fakitale yonse,ma valve otsekaiyenera kuyikidwa. Malo oyika ma valve ayenera kukhala pakati pa mbali imodzi ya chipangizocho, ndipo mapulatifomu ofunikira ogwirira ntchito kapena mapulatifomu okonzera ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.

2.2 Ma valve omwe amafunika kuyendetsedwa pafupipafupi, kusamalidwa ndi kusinthidwa ayenera kukhala pamalo omwe anthu ambiri angapezeke mosavuta pansi, papulatifomu kapena pa makwerero.Ma valve a pneumatic ndi amagetsiziyeneranso kuyikidwa m'malo osavuta kufikako.

2.3 Ma valve omwe safunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi (ogwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira ndi kuyimitsa kokha) ayeneranso kuyikidwa pamalo pomwe makwerero akanthawi angakhazikitsidwe ngati sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi.

2.4 Kutalika kwa pakati pa gudumu la valavu kuchokera pamwamba pa ntchito kuli pakati pa 750 ndi 1500mm, ndipo kutalika koyenera kwambiri ndi

1200mm. Kutalika kwa ma valve omwe safunikira kuyendetsedwa pafupipafupi kumatha kufika 1500-1800mm. Ngati kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa sikungathe kuchepetsedwa ndipo pakufunika kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, nsanja yogwirira ntchito kapena sitepe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yopangira. Ma valve pa mapaipi ndi zida za zida zoopsa sayenera kuyikidwa mkati mwa kutalika kwa mutu wa munthu.

2.5 Pamene kutalika kwa pakati pa gudumu la valavu kuchokera pamwamba pa ntchito kupitirira 1800mm, ntchito ya sprocket iyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Mtunda wa unyolo wa sprocket kuchokera pansi uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 800mm. Chingwe cha sprocket chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti chipachike kumapeto kwa unyolo pakhoma kapena mzati wapafupi kuti chisakhudze njira yodutsa.

2.6 Pa ma valve omwe aikidwa mu ngalande, pamene chivundikiro cha ngalande chingatsegulidwe kuti chigwire ntchito, gudumu la valavu siliyenera kukhala lochepera 300mm pansi pa chivundikiro cha ngalande. Ngati lili lochepera 300mm, ndodo yowonjezera valavu iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ipange gudumu lake la handwheel mkati mwa 100mm pansi pa chivundikiro cha ngalande.

2.7 Pa ma valve omwe amaikidwa mu ngalande, pamene akufunika kuyendetsedwa pansi, kapena ma valve omwe amaikidwa pansi pa chipinda chapamwamba (pulatifomu),ndodo yowonjezera valavu ikhoza kukhazikitsidwakuti ifike pa chivundikiro cha ngalande, pansi, papulatifomu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito. Chingwe cha dzanja cha ndodo yowonjezera chiyenera kukhala 1200mm kutali ndi pamwamba pa ntchito. Ma valve okhala ndi mainchesi ochepa kapena ofanana ndi DN40 komanso maulumikizidwe a ulusi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma sprockets kapena ma extension rods kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa valavu. Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito ma sprockets kapena ma extension rods poyendetsa ma valve kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

2.8 Mtunda pakati pa gudumu lamanja la valavu yozungulira nsanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nsanjayo suyenera kupitirira 450mm. Pamene tsinde la valavu ndi gudumu lamanja zikufalikira pamwamba pa nsanjayo ndipo kutalika kwake kuli kochepera 2000mm, siziyenera kukhudza momwe woyendetsayo amagwirira ntchito komanso njira yake kuti apewe kuvulala.

3 Zofunikira pakukhazikitsa ma valve akuluakulu

3.1 Kugwira ntchito kwa mavavu akuluakulu kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira magiya, ndipo malo ofunikira pa njira yotumizira magiya ayenera kuganiziridwa poika. Kawirikawiri, mavavu okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kuposa magulu otsatirawa ayenera kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yokhala ndi njira yotumizira magiya.

3.2 Ma valve akuluakulu ayenera kukhala ndi mabulaketi mbali imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri za valavu. Bulaketiyo siyenera kuyikidwa pa chitoliro chachifupi chomwe chikufunika kuchotsedwa panthawi yokonza, ndipo chithandizo cha payipi sichiyenera kukhudzidwa valavu ikachotsedwa. Mtunda pakati pa bulaketi ndi flange ya valavu nthawi zambiri uyenera kukhala woposa 300mm.

3.3 Malo oyika ma valve akuluakulu ayenera kukhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito crane, kapena ganizirani zoyika mzati wopachika kapena mtanda wopachika.

4 Zofunikira pakuyika ma valve pamapaipi opingasa

4.1 Pokhapokha ngati pakufunika njira ina, gudumu la valavu lomwe layikidwa pa payipi yopingasa siliyenera kuyang'ana pansi, makamaka gudumu la valavu lomwe lili pa payipi yoopsa sililoledwa kuyang'ana pansi. Kuyang'ana kwa gudumu la valavu kumatsimikiziridwa motere: molunjika mmwamba; molunjika; molunjika mmwamba ndi 45° kumanzere kapena kumanja; molunjika pansi ndi 45° kumanzere kapena kumanja; osati molunjika pansi.

4.2 Pa ma valve okweza omwe amayikidwa mopingasa, valve ikatsegulidwa, tsinde la valve siliyenera kukhudza njira yodutsa, makamaka pamene tsinde la valve lili pamutu kapena pa bondo la woyendetsa.

5 Zofunikira zina pakukhazikitsa ma valve

5.1 Mizere yapakati ya ma valve pamapaipi ofanana iyenera kulumikizidwa momwe zingathere. Ma valve akayikidwa moyandikana, mtunda wapakati pa mawilo amanja suyenera kuchepera 100mm; ma valve amathanso kuzunguliridwa kuti achepetse mtunda pakati pa mapaipi.

5.2 Ma valve omwe amafunika kulumikizidwa kukamwa kwa chitoliro cha zida panthawiyi ayenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji kukamwa kwa chitoliro cha zida pamene kukula kwake, kuthamanga kwake, mtundu wa pamwamba pake, ndi zina zotero zili zofanana kapena zikugwirizana ndi chitoliro cha pakamwa pa chitoliro cha zida. Ngati valavu ili ndi chitoliro chopingasa, katswiri wa zida ayenera kupemphedwa kuti akonze chitoliro chopingasa pakamwa pa chitoliro chofanana.

5.3 Pokhapokha ngati pali zofunikira zapadera pa ntchitoyi, ma valve omwe ali pamapaipi apansi a zida monga nsanja, ma reactor, ndi zotengera zoyimirira sayenera kuyikidwa mu siketi.

5.4 Pamene chitoliro cha nthambi chikutulutsidwa kuchokera ku chitoliro chachikulu, valavu yake yotseka iyenera kukhala pa gawo lopingasa la chitoliro cha nthambi pafupi ndi muzu wa chitoliro chachikulu kuti madziwo athe kutsanulidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za valavu.

5.5 Valavu yotseka chitoliro cha nthambi yomwe ili pa malo owonetsera chitoliro siigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri (imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha poyimitsa magalimoto kuti ikonzedwe). Ngati palibe makwerero okhazikika, malo ogwiritsira ntchito makwerero akanthawi ayenera kuganiziridwa.

5.6 Valavu yothamanga kwambiri ikatsegulidwa, mphamvu yoyambira imakhala yayikulu. Bulaketi iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ithandizire vavu ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika koyambira. Kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa kuyenera kukhala 500-1200mm.

5.7 Ma valve amadzi ozimitsa moto, ma valve a nthunzi yozimitsa moto, ndi zina zotero m'malire a chipangizocho ziyenera kufalikira komanso pamalo otetezeka omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwafikira mosavuta pakagwa ngozi.

5.8 Gulu la ma valavu a chitoliro chogawa nthunzi chozimitsira moto cha ng'anjo yotenthetsera liyenera kukhala losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo chitoliro chogawa sichiyenera kukhala chochepera 7.5m kuchokera ku thupi la ng'anjo.

5.9 Mukayika ma valve okhala ndi ulusi pa payipi, cholumikizira chosinthika chiyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi valavu kuti chisavute kusweka.

5.10 Ma valve a Wafer kapena ma valve a gulugufe sayenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi ma flange a ma valve ena ndi zolumikizira za mapaipi. Chitoliro chachifupi chokhala ndi ma flange kumapeto onse awiri chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa pakati.

5.11 Valavu siyenera kuyikidwa m'mavuto akunja kuti ipewe kupsinjika kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa vavu