Lamuloli likugwira ntchito pakuyika mavavu a pachipata, ma valve oyimitsa, ma valve a mpira, ma valve agulugufe ndi ma valve ochepetsera mphamvu m'mafakitale a petrochemical. Kuyika ma cheke ma valve, ma valve otetezera, ma valve owongolera ndi misampha ya nthunzi akutanthauza malamulo oyenera. Lamuloli silikugwira ntchito pakuyika ma valve pamadzi apansi panthaka ndi mapaipi otulutsa ngalande.

1 Mfundo za kamangidwe ka valve

1.1 Mavavu ayenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka komwe kukuwonetsedwa papaipi ndi chida choyenda (PID). Pamene PID ili ndi zofunikira zenizeni za malo oyika ma valve ena, ayenera kuikidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ndondomeko.

1.2 Mavavu ayenera kukonzedwa m'malo osavuta kupeza, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamalira. Mavavu pamizere ya mapaipi ayenera kukonzedwa m'njira yapakati, ndipo nsanja zogwirira ntchito kapena makwerero ziyenera kuganiziridwa.

2 Zofunikira pa malo oyika ma valve

2.1 Pamene makonde a chitoliro amalowa ndi kutuluka pa chipangizocho amalumikizidwa ndi mapaipi akuluakulu pamapaipi a chomera chonsecho,ma valve otsekaiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Malo oyika ma valve ayenera kukhala pakati pa mbali imodzi ya malo a chipangizocho, ndipo mapulaneti oyenerera ogwiritsira ntchito kapena malo osungira ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.

2.2 Mavavu omwe amafunikira kuyendetsedwa pafupipafupi, kusamalidwa ndi kusinthidwa ayenera kukhala m'malo opezeka mosavuta pansi, nsanja kapena makwerero.Mavavu a pneumatic ndi magetsiziyeneranso kuikidwa m'malo ofikirika mosavuta.

2.3 Mavavu omwe safunikira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi (okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira ndi kuyimitsa) ayeneranso kuikidwa m'malo omwe makwerero akanthawi amatha kukhazikitsidwa ngati sangathe kuchitidwa pansi.

2.4 Kutalika kwapakati pa valavu ya handwheel kuchokera pamalo ogwirira ntchito kuli pakati pa 750 ndi 1500mm, ndipo kutalika koyenera kwambiri ndi

1200 mm. Kutalika kwa mavavu omwe safunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kumatha kufika 1500-1800mm. Pamene kutalika kwa unsembe sikungatsitsidwe ndipo nthawi zambiri ntchito ikufunika, nsanja yogwiritsira ntchito kapena sitepe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa panthawi ya mapangidwe. Mavavu a mapaipi ndi zida za media zowopsa sayenera kuyikidwa mkati mwa kutalika kwa mutu wa munthu.

2.5 Pamene kutalika kwa pakati pa valve handwheel kuchokera kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito kupitirira 1800mm, ntchito ya sprocket iyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Mtunda wa unyolo wa sprocket kuchokera pansi uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 800mm. Ndowe ya sprocket iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ipachike kumapeto kwa unyolo pakhoma kapena mzati wapafupi kuti zisakhudze njirayo.

2.6 Kwa ma valve omwe amaikidwa mu ngalande, pamene chivundikiro cha ngalande chitha kutsegulidwa kuti chigwire ntchito, gudumu lamanja la valve sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 300mm pansi pa chivundikiro cha ngalande. Ikakhala yotsika kuposa 300mm, ndodo yowonjezera valavu iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ipange gudumu lamanja mkati mwa 100mm pansi pa chivundikiro cha ngalande.

2.7 Kwa ma valve omwe amaikidwa mu ngalande, pamene amafunika kuyendetsedwa pansi, kapena ma valve omwe amaikidwa pansi (nsanja),ndodo yowonjezera valavu ikhoza kukhazikitsidwakulikulitsa mpaka pachivundikiro cha ngalande, pansi, nsanja yogwirira ntchito. Magudumu a dzanja la ndodo yowonjezera ayenera kukhala 1200mm kutali ndi malo ogwirira ntchito. Mavavu okhala ndi mainchesi ochepera kapena ofanana ndi DN40 ndi maulalo a ulusi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma sprocket kapena ndodo zowonjezera kuti valavu isawonongeke. Nthawi zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito sprockets kapena ndodo zowonjezera kuti mugwiritse ntchito ma valve kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

2.8 Mtunda pakati pa gudumu lamanja la valve yokonzedwa mozungulira nsanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nsanja sayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 450mm. Pamene tsinde la valve ndi gudumu lamanja likufikira kumtunda kwa nsanja ndipo kutalika kwake kuli kosakwana 2000mm, siziyenera kukhudza ntchito ndi njira ya woyendetsa kuti asavulaze munthu.

3 Zofunikira pakuyika mavavu akulu

3.1 Kugwiritsira ntchito ma valve akuluakulu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira magiya, ndipo malo ofunikira kuti azitha kutumizira ayenera kuganiziridwa poika. Nthawi zambiri, ma valve okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kuposa magiredi otsatirawa ayenera kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito valavu yokhala ndi njira yotumizira magiya.

3.2 Ma valve akuluakulu ayenera kukhala ndi mabatani kumbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse za valve. Chophimbacho sichiyenera kuikidwa pa chitoliro chachifupi chomwe chiyenera kuchotsedwa panthawi yokonza, ndipo chithandizo cha payipi sichiyenera kukhudzidwa pamene valve ikuchotsedwa. Mtunda pakati pa bulaketi ndi valavu flange nthawi zambiri uyenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 300mm.

3.3 Malo oyika mavavu akulu ayenera kukhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito crane, kapena lingalirani kukhazikitsa mzati wolendewera kapena mtengo wolendewera.

4 Zofunikira pakuyika ma valve pamapaipi opingasa

4.1 Pokhapokha ngati pangafunike njira ina, gudumu la valavu loyikidwa papaipi yopingasa silingayang'ane pansi, makamaka gudumu la valavu lomwe lili papaipi ya media yowopsa ndiloletsedwa kuyang'ana pansi. Mayendedwe a valve handwheel amatsimikiziridwa motere: molunjika mmwamba; mopingasa; molunjika pamwamba ndi 45 ° kumanzere kapena kumanja; molunjika pansi ndi 45 ° kumanzere kapena kumanja; osati molunjika pansi.

4.2 Kwa ma valve okwera okwera okwera, pamene valavu imatsegulidwa, tsinde la valve silidzakhudza njirayo, makamaka pamene tsinde la valve lili pamutu kapena bondo la woyendetsa.

5 Zofunikira zina pakukhazikitsa ma valve

5.1 Mizere yapakati ya ma valve pamapaipi ofananira iyenera kulumikizidwa momwe mungathere. Pamene mavavu amakonzedwa moyandikana, mtunda ukonde pakati pa handwheels sayenera kuchepera 100mm; mavavu amathanso kugwedezeka kuti achepetse mtunda pakati pa mapaipi.

5.2 mavavu kuti ayenera olumikizidwa kwa zida chitoliro pakamwa pa ndondomeko ayenera mwachindunji olumikizidwa kwa zida chitoliro pakamwa pamene m'mimba mwake mwadzina, kuthamanga mwadzina, kusindikiza pamwamba mtundu, etc. ofanana kapena kufanana ndi zida chitoliro pakamwa flange . Vavuyo ikakhala ndi concave flange, katswiri wa zida ayenera kufunsidwa kuti akonze mawonekedwe a convex pakamwa patopa.

5.3 Pokhapokha ngati pali zofunikira zapadera pa ndondomekoyi, ma valve omwe ali pansi pa mapaipi a zipangizo monga nsanja, ma reactors, ndi zotengera zowongoka siziyenera kukonzedwa mu skirt.

5.4 Pamene chitoliro chanthambi chikutsogozedwa kuchokera ku chitoliro chachikulu, valavu yake yotseka iyenera kukhala pambali yopingasa ya chitoliro cha nthambi pafupi ndi muzu wa chitoliro chachikulu kuti madziwo athe kukhetsedwa kumbali zonse ziwiri za valavu. .

5.5 Valavu yotsekera chitoliro chanthambi pazithunzi za chitoliro sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri (imangogwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa galimoto kuti isamalidwe). Ngati palibe makwerero okhazikika, malo ogwiritsira ntchito makwerero osakhalitsa ayenera kuganiziridwa.

5.6 Pamene valve yothamanga kwambiri imatsegulidwa, mphamvu yoyambira imakhala yaikulu. Bokosi liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti lithandizire valavu ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika koyambira. Kutalika kwa unsembe kuyenera kukhala 500-1200mm.

5.7 Mavavu amadzi amoto, ma valve oyaka moto, ndi zina zotere m'malire a chipangizocho ayenera kumwazikana komanso pamalo otetezeka osavuta kuti oyendetsa galimoto apeze ngozi.

5.8 Gulu la valavu la chitoliro chozimitsa moto cha ng'anjo yowotcha moto liyenera kukhala losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo chitoliro chogawa sichiyenera kukhala chochepera 7.5m kutali ndi thupi la ng'anjo.

5.9 Mukayika mavavu opangidwa ndi ulusi papaipi, cholumikizira chosinthika chiyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi valavu kuti chitseguke mosavuta.

5.10 Mavavu ophatikizika kapena ma valve agulugufe sayenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku ma flanges a ma valve ena ndi zida za mapaipi. Chitoliro chachifupi chokhala ndi flange pamapeto onse awiri chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa pakati.

5.11 Valve sayenera kugwidwa ndi katundu wakunja kuti apewe kupanikizika kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa valve